Unit 2: 9.23.2022. + 9.26.2022. IS questions Flashcards

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1
Q

True or false: most viruses cannot be seen with a light micrope.

A

True. Some can, but most viruses can be seen with an electron microscope only.

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2
Q

What is a capsid made of?

A

protein

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3
Q

what does a capsid do?

A

surrounds/protects the nucleic acid of a virus

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4
Q

what surrounds/protects the nucleic acid of a virus?

A

capsid

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5
Q

describe the general structure of nakd viral particles

A

no outer layer

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6
Q

describe the general structure of nakd viral particles

A

no outer layer

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7
Q

describe the general structure of enveloped viral particles (2)

A
  1. lipid bilayer from host
  2. viral matrix protein to link envelope to nucleocapsid
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8
Q

if the envelope of an enveloped virus is removed, why does it become non-infectious?

A

removing the envelope removes the spikes, rendering the virus non-infectious

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9
Q

what are bacterial viruses called?

A

bacteriophages, or phage

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10
Q

what is a phage?

A

a virus that infects bacteria

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11
Q

are bacterial viruses nakd or enveloped?

A

almost all bacteriophages are non-enveloped

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12
Q

are animal viruses nakd, enveloped, or both?

A

either

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13
Q

why does a virus need a host cell?

A

they lack the ability to harvest energy and synthesize proteins

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14
Q

what types of genomes can viruses have?

A

linear or circular
single or double stranded

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15
Q

what do productive and latent infections have in common?

A

phage reproduction mechanisms

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16
Q

what is the difference between a productive and latent infection?

A

P: more, new viral particles are produced. some kill the host and some don’t
L: phage genome is silent but integrated into the genome of the host

17
Q

what are some examples of why phages are important?

A
  • control the spread of bacteria during storage, like with processed meats
  • they are being investigated as an option to treat bacterial infections in humans
18
Q

describe briefly how viruses can exit host cells (2)

A

viruses exit host cells via lysing, or via budding