9.28.2022. + 9.30. 2022. IS Questions

Question 1

What are the first-line defenses?
What are some examples?

Answer 1

• separate and shield interior of body from surrounding environment
• ex. skin/mucous membranes, antimicrobial substances, normal flora

Question 2

Name two first line defenses of the body

Answer 2

skin/mucous membranes, antimicrobial substances

Question 3

Provide two factors that make skin a good first line defense system (3)

Answer 3

• water-repelling/dry surface environment
• flaking off = dead cells take microbes that might be adhering with them as they flake off
• tough and durable

Question 4

How is lysozyme an effective antimicrobial substance associated with first line defenses?

Answer 4

degrades the peptidoglycan layer of the bacterial cell wall

Question 5

How are lactoferrin and transferrin effective antimicrobial substances associated with first line defenses?

Answer 5

by binding to iron, they make iron unavailable to microorganisms. withholding it prevents microbial growth.

Question 6

What are the resident phagocytes in tissues?

Answer 6

neutrophils, macrophages

Question 7

What cell type releases NETs?

Answer 7

neutrophils

Question 8

What is the function of the sensor systems in innate immunity?

Answer 8

they act as sentinels, or cameras to detect invaders

Question 9

How do sensor systems respond to microbial invasion to alert other immunity components?

Answer 9

allow immune system to recognize when the first-line defenses have been breached, PRRs and complement systems

Question 10

Where can PRRs be located in a cell?

Answer 10

on the surface of sentinel cells, within the sentinel cells’ endosomes or phagosomes

Question 11

What are PRRs?
What does it stand for and what do they do?

Answer 11

pattern recognition receptors
- proteins on or in cells that recognize specific compounds unique to microbes or tissue damage, allowing the cells to sense the presence of invading microbes or damage

Question 12

What is the complement system?

Answer 12

series of protein in blood and tissue fluids that can be activated to help destroy + remove invading microbes

Question 13

where is lysozyme found?

Answer 13

tears, saliva, mucus
phagocytic cells, blood, fluid that bathes tissues

Question 14

what is a neutrophil extracellular trap?

Answer 14

DNA strands ensnare microbes so that they can be more easily destroyed by the granule contents

Question 15

what does NET stand for?

Answer 15

neutrophil extracellular trap

Question 16

why is it called the complement system?

Answer 16

because it acts in combination with adaptive immune defenses

Question 17

what are the three types of innate defenses?

Answer 17

• first line defenses
• sensor systems
• innate effector actions

Question 18

in the security analogy, first line defenses =

Answer 18

walls to prevent entry

Question 19

in the security analogy, sensor system =

Answer 19

cameras to detect invaders

Question 20

in the security analogy, innate effector actions =

Answer 20

security team to eliminate threat

Question 21

first-line defense is which kind of immunity?

Answer 21

innate

Question 22

sensor systems is what kind of immunity?

Answer 22

innate

Question 23

innate effector actions is what kind of immunity?

Answer 23

innate

Question 24

what are the two general types of immunity?

Answer 24

innate and adaptive

Question 25

describe adaptive immunity

Answer 25

PLS (powerful, learned, specific)
- learned through exposure
- exquisite specificity
- powerful

Question 26

describe innate immunity

Answer 26

BIB (barriers, inborn, broad pattern recognition)
- inborn
- barriers
- broad pattern recognition