Mid Term 1 Review Questions (members of the microbial world)

Question 1

what molecules make up viruses?

Answer 1

• nucleic acid
• protein coat
• some have a lipid membrane (enveloped)

Question 2

what do viruses infect?

Answer 2

• living cells, termed “hosts”

Question 3

what do viruses do when they’re not insideahost?

Answer 3

• they are inactive outside of their hosts, making them “obligate intracellular parasites”

Question 4

what can viruses infect?

Answer 4

• all forms of life can be infected by different viruses

Question 5

what size are acellular infectious agents?

Answer 5

0.02-0.4 microns

Question 6

a cell is 0.02-0.4 microns. what cell type is it?

Answer 6

acellular infectious agent

Question 7

what size are prokaryotes?

Answer 7

0.1-5 microns

Question 8

if a cell is 0.1-5 microns, what is it?

Answer 8

prokaryote

Question 9

if a cell is 10 to 100 microns, what is it?

Answer 9

eukaryote

Question 10

what size are eukaryotes?

Answer 10

10-100 microns

Question 11

how are viroids like viruses? unlike?

Answer 11

like: obligate intracellular agents
unlike: simpler, only a single, short piece of RNA. no protein produced.

Question 12

if something can infect plants and only plants, what is it?

Answer 12

viroids

Question 13

is a bacteria-single celled or multi-celled?

Answer 13

single

Question 14

what is the name of the group that contains bacteria and archeae?

Answer 14

prokaryotes

Question 15

describe the nucleus of a bacterial cell

Answer 15

it doesn’t have one

Question 16

describe the membrane-bound organelles of bacteria

Answer 16

no membrane-bound organelles EXCEPT for the many exceptions to this rule

Question 17

where do bacterial cells store DNA?

Answer 17

nucleoid

Question 18

if a cell has peptidoglycan, then it is…

Answer 18

a bacterial cell

Question 19

how do bacteria multiply?

Answer 19

binary fission

Question 20

how do many bacteria move?

Answer 20

not all, but some have flagella

Question 21

are archaea single-celled or multi-celled?

Answer 21

single celled

Question 22

how do archaea multiply?

Answer 22

binary fission

Question 23

how do some archaea move?

Answer 23

some move with flagella

Question 24

describe the cell walls of bacteria

Answer 24

rigid, contains peptidoglycan

Question 25

describe the cell walls of archaea

Answer 25

rigid

Question 26

name three ways that archaea cells are different than bacteria

Answer 26

1. cell walls contain no peptidoglycan 2. ribosomal RNA sequences are different 3. no known pathogens

Question 27

extremophiles are usually what member of the microbial world?

Answer 27

archaea

Question 28

what four types of eukaryotes have we studied in class?

Answer 28

1. algae 2. protozoa 3. helminths 4. fungi

Question 29

what does the term eukarya mean? why does that matter?

Answer 29

"true nucleus." they have a membrane-bound nucleus and other organelles.

Question 30

what groups make up the protists?

Answer 30

algae and protozoa

Question 31

which is larger, eukaryotes or prokaryotes?

Answer 31

eukaryotes

Question 32

are algae normally considered pathogens?

Answer 32

no

Question 33

are algae single-celled or multi-celled?

Answer 33

either.

Question 34

how do algae get energy? why's that important?

Answer 34

sunlight. they are photosynthetic, and contain chloroplast.

Question 35

where do algae primarily live?

Answer 35

in water

Question 36

describe algae cell walls

Answer 36

rigid

Question 37

how do many algae move?

Answer 37

flagella, different than prokaryotes

Question 38

which type of cells have a rigid cell wall?

Answer 38

prokaryotes algae

Question 39

if a cell has flagella, which type of cell could it be?

Answer 39

bacteria, archaea, algae,

Question 40

what conditions best facilitate fungal growth?

Answer 40

cool, damp, moist, low pH

Question 41

are fungi single-celled or multi-cellular?

Answer 41

either. single: yeasts, multi: molds, mushrooms

Question 42

what do fungi use for energy?

Answer 42

organic materials

Question 43

where do fungi usually live?

Answer 43

on land

Question 44

what typesofeukaryotes get their energy from organic materials

Answer 44

fungi, helminths, protozoa

Question 45

are protozoa single-celled or multi-cellular?

Answer 45

single celled

Question 46

which cell types are single-celled?

Answer 46

protozoa, bacteria, archaea

Question 47

describe the cell wall of protozoa

Answer 47

NOT RIGID

Question 48

if a cell is eukaryotic and doesn't have a rigid cell wall, it could be a...

Answer 48

protozoa

Question 49

name two diseases caused by protozoa

Answer 49

PMG:protozoa,giadiasis,malaria giardiasis, malaria

Question 50

name two diseases caused by fungi

Answer 50

valley fever, pneumonia

Question 51

which is the most motile member of the eukaryotes?

Answer 51

protozoa

Question 52

name two diseases caused by worms

Answer 52

tape worms, schistosomiasis

Question 53

which cells MAY be beneficial for autoimmune disorders? how do they do it?

Answer 53

helminths. dampen autoimmune disorders.

Question 54

are helminths single-celled or multi-celled?

Answer 54

macroscopic adults but microscopic eggs and larvae