Mid Term 1 Review Questions (members of the microbial world) Flashcards
what molecules make up viruses?
- nucleic acid
- protein coat
- some have a lipid membrane (enveloped)
what do viruses infect?
- living cells, termed “hosts”
what do viruses do when they’re not insideahost?
- they are inactive outside of their hosts, making them “obligate intracellular parasites”
what can viruses infect?
- all forms of life can be infected by different viruses
what size are acellular infectious agents?
0.02-0.4 microns
a cell is 0.02-0.4 microns. what cell type is it?
acellular infectious agent
what size are prokaryotes?
0.1-5 microns
if a cell is 0.1-5 microns, what is it?
prokaryote
if a cell is 10 to 100 microns, what is it?
eukaryote
what size are eukaryotes?
10-100 microns
how are viroids like viruses? unlike?
like: obligate intracellular agents
unlike: simpler, only a single, short piece of RNA. no protein produced.
if something can infect plants and only plants, what is it?
viroids
is a bacteria-single celled or multi-celled?
single
what is the name of the group that contains bacteria and archeae?
prokaryotes
describe the nucleus of a bacterial cell
it doesn’t have one
describe the membrane-bound organelles of bacteria
no membrane-bound organelles EXCEPT for the many exceptions to this rule
where do bacterial cells store DNA?
nucleoid
if a cell has peptidoglycan, then it is…
a bacterial cell
how do bacteria multiply?
binary fission
how do many bacteria move?
not all, but some have flagella
are archaea single-celled or multi-celled?
single celled
how do archaea multiply?
binary fission
how do some archaea move?
some move with flagella
describe the cell walls of bacteria
rigid, contains peptidoglycan
describe the cell walls of archaea
rigid
name three ways that archaea cells are different than bacteria
- cell walls contain no peptidoglycan
- ribosomal RNA sequences are different
- no known pathogens
extremophiles are usually what member of the microbial world?
archaea
what four types of eukaryotes have we studied in class?
- algae
- protozoa
- helminths
- fungi
what does the term eukarya mean? why does that matter?
“true nucleus.” they have a membrane-bound nucleus and other organelles.
what groups make up the protists?
algae and protozoa
which is larger, eukaryotes or prokaryotes?
eukaryotes
are algae normally considered pathogens?
no
are algae single-celled or multi-celled?
either.
how do algae get energy? why’s that important?
sunlight. they are photosynthetic, and contain chloroplast.
where do algae primarily live?
in water
describe algae cell walls
rigid
how do many algae move?
flagella, different than prokaryotes
which type of cells have a rigid cell wall?
prokaryotes
algae
if a cell has flagella, which type of cell could it be?
bacteria, archaea, algae,
what conditions best facilitate fungal growth?
cool, damp, moist, low pH
are fungi single-celled or multi-cellular?
either. single: yeasts, multi: molds, mushrooms
what do fungi use for energy?
organic materials
where do fungi usually live?
on land
what typesofeukaryotes get their energy from organic materials
fungi, helminths, protozoa
are protozoa single-celled or multi-cellular?
single celled
which cell types are single-celled?
protozoa, bacteria, archaea
describe the cell wall of protozoa
NOT RIGID
if a cell is eukaryotic and doesn’t have a rigid cell wall, it could be a…
protozoa
name two diseases caused by protozoa
PMG:protozoa,giadiasis,malaria
giardiasis, malaria
name two diseases caused by fungi
valley fever, pneumonia
which is the most motile member of the eukaryotes?
protozoa
name two diseases caused by worms
tape worms, schistosomiasis
which cells MAY be beneficial for autoimmune disorders? how do they do it?
helminths. dampen autoimmune disorders.
are helminths single-celled or multi-celled?
macroscopic adults but microscopic eggs and larvae
