Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology > Mid Term 1 Review Questions (Part 3.1) > Flashcards

Mid Term 1 Review Questions (Part 3.1) Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is generation time?

A

the time it takes for a population to double

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how do you calculate generation time?

A

final pop. = (initial pop.) * 2^n

where n = # of generations in x time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

in what two environments do bacteria grow in nature?

A
  1. planktonic (free-floating)
  2. biolims
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

in what two environments do bacteria grow in nature?

A
  1. planktonic (free-floating)
  2. biolims
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

where can biofilms be formed? provide two good examples and two bad examples

A

good: bioremediation efforts use microbes to degrade harmful chemicals and are enhanced by biofilms. wastewater treatment facilities.
bad: tooth decay, gum disease, ear infections, gunk in sinks and toilet bowls.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

why are biofilms hard to treat?

A
  • microfilms within the biofilm often resist antibiotics and the body’s defense system.
  • slime can’t be reduced chemically, but rather mechanically or physically.
  • quorum sensing enable bacteria to work in their own benefit in mass
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is a mesophile?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

why did Dr. Phadnis say biofilms are drug resistant? (5)

A

it’s a slow community in elders quorum. im out.

  1. decreased growth rates. most antibiotics target rapidly-dividing microorganisms.
  2. slime layer + community = hard for antimicrobial agents to penetrate
  3. over-expression of efflux pumps
  4. quorum sensing
  5. outer membrane proteins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is a mesophile?

A

bacteria that grow most rapidly at medium temperatures, with the lower end of the temperature spectrum being soil, and the higher end being inside the human body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is a psychrophile?

A

a bacteria that grows best in cold conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is a thermophile?

A

a bacteria that grows best in warm to hot temperatures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is an obligate aerobe?

A

organism that requires O2 for growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is an obligate anaerobe?

A

organism that cannot multiply and is often killed in the presence of O2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are facultative anaerobes?

A

organism that grows best if O2 is available, but can also grow without it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is a complex media?

A

don’t know how much of each element there is, ingredients are already synthesized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is a defined media?

A

raw ingredients, you’ve got to synthesize everything, but you can control the conditions. you know exactly how much.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

defined media, aka

A

slide into the DMs.
minimal medium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

minimal medium, aka

A

defined medium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

fancy name for complex medium?

A

nutrient broth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

fancy name for defined medium?

A

glucose-salts broth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

glucose-salts broth, aka

A

defined medium

22
Q

nutrient broth, aka

A

complex medium

23
Q

it’s techically a _____ defined medium?

A

chemically

24
Q

when would i want to use a complex media? (2)

A

easy to make, used for routine purposes

25
Q

when would i use a defined medium?

A

certain experiments when the type and quantity of nutrients must be precisely controlled

26
Q

what is a differential media?

A

includes one or more ingredients that can be changed by certain bacteria in a recognizable way.

all bacteria are growing, but something differentiates them because you want to be able to tell them apart.

27
Q

what is a selective media?

A

includes one or more ingredients that inhibit the growth of many unwanted organisms

basically, you only want A,C, and D from A,B,C,D, and E.

28
Q

please name two examples of selective media

A

selecting where you auntie is gonna pee. (anti, pea)

  1. antibiotic-containing media
  2. PEA containing media (phenylethyl alcohol agar)
29
Q

what is antibiotic-containing medium?
what type of media is it?

A

only antibiotic resistant strains can grow.

selective media.

30
Q

what is PEA media?
what type of media is it?

A

phenylethyl alcohol agar.

only G+ can grow as G- outer membrane is destroyed by PEA.

selective media.

31
Q

please name two examples of differential media

A
  1. blood agar
  2. they only taught us that one!
32
Q

what type of media is blood agar, selective or differential?
how does it work?

A

differential.

causes certain cells to explode.

33
Q

what is the main purpose of blood agar?

A

allows you to see which organisms grew and which ones didn’t

34
Q

what is one disease that can be tested via blood agar?

A

strep

35
Q

what three results appear on blood agar?

A
  1. alpha
  2. gama
  3. beta
36
Q

what does beta mean in blood agar?

A

secreting an enzyme that busts open RBC

37
Q

what does alpha mean in blood agar?

A

partial hemolysis

38
Q

what does gama mean in blood agar?

A

no hemolysis

39
Q

is selective media the same thing as selective conditions?

A

no

40
Q

what test is both selective AND differential? (2)

A
  • MacConkey agar
  • Mannitol salt agar
41
Q

what makes the difference in differential MacConkey agar?

A

changing colors

42
Q

what makes up a selective MacConkey agar?

A

bile salts + dye

43
Q

what makes up a differential MacConkey agar?

A

lactose + pH indicator

44
Q

how does selective MacConkey agar work?

A

inhibits all BUT G- that typically reside in the intestine

45
Q

how does differential MacConkey agar work?
why?

A

lactose fermenters are red/pink because low pH allows them to take in dye

46
Q

what also must happen for cultivating bacteria in the lab to work?

A

must also provide the correct atmospheric conditions

47
Q

how does Mannitol salt agar work?
what is it selective for and against?

A

salt inhibits most bacteria.
selective for: G+
selective against: most G-

48
Q

mannitol salt agar, aka

A

MSA

49
Q

MSA, aka

A

mannitol salt agar

50
Q

what is the readout of MacConkey agar?

A

pink = lactose fermenter
not pink = not lactose fermenter

51
Q

what is the readout of mannitol salt agar?

A

yellow = ferment mannitol
pink = can’t ferment mannitol

Microbiology (45 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions