8.24.2022.

Question 1

Define “strain”

Answer 1

A genetic variant within a species

Question 2

What is a microbe?

Answer 2

General terms encompassing microorganisms and acellular infectious agents such as viruses

Question 3

What is a microorganism?

Answer 3

Organisms too small to be seen with the naked eye

Question 4

What is a pathogen?

Answer 4

Disease-causing microbe

Question 5

What is an infection?

Answer 5

Colonization by a pathogen on or within the body

Question 6

What is a disease?

Answer 6

a disorder of structure or function in a human, animal, or plant, especially one that produces specific signs or symptoms or that affects a specific location and is not simply a direct result of physical injury

Question 7

List two fundamental differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.

Answer 7

1. Prokaryotes are not membrane bound, their genetic material is contained within a nucleoid
2. Eukaryotes have membrane bound organelles, and they are typically larger and more complex than prokaryotes.
3. Prokaryotes are unicellular, eukaryotes are either unicellular, multicellular, or both

Question 8

List the two domains of prokaryotic organisms

Answer 8

Bacteria and archaea

Question 9

List the four groups of eukaryotic microorganisms

Answer 9

Fungi
Algae
Protozoa
Helminths

Question 10

Highlight unique features of fungi that will help you identify them

Answer 10

Energy: Use organic material for energy
Size: Ranges from microscopic (yeasts) to macroscopic (molds)
Anything else?: Mushrooms are the reproductive structures of some fungi

Question 11

List the three types of non-living infectious agents

Answer 11

Viruses
Viroids
Prions

Question 12

What are prions?

Answer 12

Acellular infectious agent consisting only of protein. Infectious proteins. Cause misfolds and diseases called spongiform encephalopathies (sponge-like brain diseases).

Prions are proteins that cause trouble with folding.

Question 13

What are viroids?

Answer 13

Infectious agent of plants that consists only of RNA. Simpler than viruses. Need a host.

Viroids are thyroids that r n a plant. They need a host and I think that is that.

Question 14

How do you differentiate a virus from a viroid?

Answer 14

Viroid has only RNA, no protein coat. Needs a host. Virus has nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat.

Question 15

How do you differentiate a prion from a virus?

Answer 15

Prions only have protein, no DNA or RNA. Virus have nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat.

Question 16

True or false: The majority of bacteria are pathogenic.

Answer 16

False

Question 17

Highlight unique features of algae that will help you identify them

Answer 17

Energy: Use sunlight for energy
Size: Ranges from microscopic (single-celled algae) to macroscopic (multicellular algae)

Question 18

Highlight unique features of protozoa that will help you identify them

Answer 18

Energy: Use organic material
Size: Single-celled microscopic organisms

Question 19

Highlight unique features of helminths that will help you identify them

Answer 19

Energy: Use organic material
Size: Adult worms are typically macroscopic and often quite large, but their eggs and larval forms are microscopic