10.5.2022. + 10.7.2022. IS questions Flashcards
the immune system has “memory,” what does this mean?
immunological memory: immune system’s ability to respond more quickly and more effectively upon re-exposure to a given antigen
why is it important for the immune system to distinguish between “healthy self” and “dangerous?
if the immune system couldn’t make that distinction, it would turn against the body’s own cells or attack harmless substances such as pollen
what is the role of the humoral response in adaptive immunity?
eliminates microbial invaders and toxins that are not found within a self cell, in other words, eliminates microbial invaders that are found in blood or tissue fluids
what is the role of the cellular response in adaptive immunity?
describe some extracellular antigens?
antigens in blood and tissue fluid
describe some intracellular antigens
antigens within host cell
which cell type is programmed to make antibodies?…. which are?
plasma cells, which are the effector form of a B cell
which cell type functions as an antibody-secreting factory?
plasma cell
what are the two parts of an antibody molecule?
- two identical arms (Fab region)
- single stem of Y-shaped molecule (Fc region)
what is the general role of Tc cells? it is the _____ form of _____ cell?
induce apoptosis in infected or cancerous “self” cell, effector form of a cytotoxic T cell
what is the general role of Th cells?
activates B cells and macrophages, and releases cytokines that stimulate other parts of the immune system
what is lymph and where does it originate?
clear yellow liquid that contains leukocytes and flows within lymphatic vessels, derived from tissue fluid
what are the primary lymphoid organs, and what is their function?
bone marrow and thymus, organs in which lymphocytes develop/mature
what is the function of secondary lymphoid organs?
peripheral lymphoid organs where lymphocytes function in immune responses
give several examples of secondary lymphoid organs
they include the adenoids, tonsils, spleen, appendix, and lymph nodes, among others
describe the role of the Peyer’s patches
collections of lymphoid cells in the gastrointestinal tract; part of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), tissues in the intestinal walls where samples of intestinal contents are inspected
how is an epitope different from an antigen?
epitope: region of an antigen recognized by antibodies and antigen receptors on lymphocyte
antigen: molecule that reacts specifically with either an antibody or an antigen receptor on a lymphocyte
a substance is described as highly immunogenic. what does this mean?
immunogenic = relative ability of an antigen to elicit an immune response. high ability of an antigen to elicit an immune response.
what does “humor” refer to in humoral immunity?
fluid
describe the function of the two parts of an antibody molecule?
Fab region: attach to an antigen
Fc region: red flag that stick out and tag the antigen for elimination by macrophages or other parts of the immune system
TC cell, aka what ? and what does it stand for?
CTL: cytotoxic T lymphocyte
TH cell is the _____ form of what cell?
effector form of a helper T cell
what is an antibody?
y-shaped protein that binds antigen
what is a lymphocyte? what are some examples.
group of white blood cells (leukocytes) involved in adaptive immunity. B cells and T cells are examples.
