Mid Term 1 Review Questions (Part 2.2) Flashcards
describe the main parts of the structure of flagella (5)
- basal body
- hook
- flagellin
- filament
- flagella
what does the H in E. coli 0157:H7 represent?
flagellar H antigen
what are the three main functions of flagella?
- motility
- attachment
- virulence factors
what is chemotaxis?
movement of a cell away from or towards a certain chemical in the environment
how does a cell move towards or away from a certain chemical?
tumble, run, tumble
why are chemotaxis and flagellar motility important for pathogenecity of H. pylori? and what does the H stand for?
chemotaxis: secrete urease to make ammonium base, find mucus layer
flagellar motility: penetrate, attach, and multiply in mucus layer
H indicates curved rod.
what causes lyme disease?
Borrelia burgdorferi
what’s so special about B. burgdorferii
has a flexible, coiled body with a flagella all along its body, an endoflagellum that helps it bore into tissue
describe monotrichous flagella
1 on one end
monotrichous flagella aka
polar flagella
polar flagella aka
monotrichous flagella
describe the distribution of lophotrichous flagella
several flagella at one end
describe the distribution of peritrichous flagella
all around the cell, surrounding
describe the distribution of amphitrichous flagella
one flagella at each end of the cell
how are pili different from flagella? (2)
shorter
thinner
what are pili used for? (4)
- attachment
- gliding/twitching
- DNA transfer
- important pathogenicity factor
what do we call pili that are used for attachment?
fimbrae
what are fimbrae?
pili that are used for attachment
what do we call the pili used for DNA transfer
sex pilus
describe the characteristics of a chromosome
- generally single
- circular
what genetic info is found in chromosomes?
essential genetic info and non-essential
what is a plasmid?
extra/non-essential genetic info
how do plasmids replicate?
independently of the chr
what shape are plasmids?
generally circular
what do we call an plasmid that’s been incorporated into the chromosome?
an episome
what is an episome?
a plasmid that’s been integrated into the chromosome
how do plasmids interact with a population?
transferred, spread, lost through curing
how can plasmids be lost?
through curing
how are bacterial and eukaryotic ribosomes different?
PROKARYOTES: 70S
EUKARYOTES: 80S
differences are important for drug targeting, what may be effective against 70S has no effect on 80S. differences between bacteria and archaea are important too.
which two genera produce endospores?
bacillius
clostridium
if i see the names bacillus or clostridium, what do i immediately know?
they produce endospores
what is an endospore called when it exits the dormant stage and becomes a normal multiplying cell?
vegetative cell
what is a vegetative cell?
an endospore that has exited the dormant stage, usually survived attempts to be destroyed, and becomes a typical multiplying cell
are endospore production and germination means of cell reproduction. why?
no. one vegetative cell gives rise to one endospore, which gives rise to one vegetative cell. there is no increase in cell number, it’s just a way for endospores to survive harsh conditions.
endospores do not _______, they ________.
replicate, survive.
what is germination?
an endospore leaves the dormant stage and becomes a typical vegetative cell
what is sporulation?
the process of producing a spore
how are endospores formed? what’s that called?
an endospore forming bacteria experiences limiting amounts of carbon or nitrogen. sporulation.
what is a vegetative cell?
a typical, actively multiplying cell
