8.29.2022. IS questions

Question 1

In the name Bacillus anthracis which part indicates the genus and which the species?

Answer 1

Genus: bacillus
Species: anthracis

Question 2

What is most closely related, organisms in the same genus or organisms in the same species?

Answer 2

Species

Question 3

Describe the shape of a coccus, bacillus, and vibrio

Answer 3

Coccus: spherical that may be flattened on one end or slightly oval
Bacillus: cylindrical cell. shorter ones are called coccobacillus
Vibrio: short, curved rod

Question 4

How are streptococci different from cocci?

Answer 4

a single coccus vs. a chain of cocci

Question 5

What do we mean by pleomorphic bacteria?

Answer 5

it’s not an actual bacteria shape, but rather what we call bacteria that characteristically vary in their shape

Question 6

Where is a cell’s capsule relative to the cytoplasmic membrane?

Answer 6

Capsule surrounds cell wall which surround cytoplasmic membrane

Question 7

What are capsules made of?

Answer 7

100% sugars. aka glycocalyx (shell of sugars)

Question 8

What is the difference between a capsule and a slime layer?

Answer 8

Capsule: distinct and gelatinous layer

Slime layer: diffuse and irregular

Question 9

What staining procedure differentiates between bacteria based on their cell wall architecture?

Answer 9

Gram staining

Question 10

Differentiate between gram positive and gram negative cell walls

Answer 10

Positive: thick layer of peptidoglycan
Negative: thin layer of peptidoglycan surrounded by an outer membrane

Question 11

Upon Gram staining what does a gram-positive cell look like? How about a gram-negative cell?

Answer 11

Positive: purple
Negative: pink