8.31.2022. IS questions Flashcards
Describe the two general types of active transport systems
- active transport using proton motive force as an energy source
- active transport using ATP as an energy source. a binding protein gathers the transported molecules
What is the purpose of flagella?
Push the cell through liquid like a motor @ sea
Peritrichous vs. polar vs. other types of flagella
Peritrichous: distributed all around a cell
Polar: single flagellum @ one end of a cell
Other: tufts at one or both ends
Ex. of a species with peritrichous flagella? Polar flagella?
Salmonella; pseudomonas
What is the general purpose of pili?
Allow cells to adhere to certain surfaces. Some pili are involved in DNA transfer
What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes?
P: 70S
E: 80S
70S = ? S for Svedberg is a unit used to indicate…
how fast particles settle when spun at very high speeds in an ultracentrifuge. the faster a particle moves toward the bottom, the higher the S value and the greater the size and density. not strictly arithmetic.
The 70S ribosome is composed of…
A 30S and a 50S subunit
Why is the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic ribosomes medically significant?
Antibodies that interfere with the function of 70S prokaryotes don’t affect 80S eukaryotes. and, archaea and bacteria are different even though they’re both 70S.
What is the significance of 16S ribosomal RNA?
Used to determine the relationships between bacteria
what is the general function of a capsule?
- protect the cell
- allow the cell to attach to a surface
how are capsules related to dental caries?
- bacteria use sugar to make a biofilm/capsule
- capsule binds to bacteria on teeth
- more bacteria bind to bacteria and the acids they secrete cause tooth damage
why are capsules important for pathogenesis
- cloak and protect cell from immune system
where are porins found? what do they do?
outer membrane of G- cells. permit small molecules to pass.
what cells are specific to G+ cells?
teihoic acids
