Ulcussygdomme Flashcards

1
Q

Ulcus patofysiologi - mucus?

A

Mucus indeholder 5% glycoproteiner.

Hæmmer kun H+ diffusion 4 gange mere end vand.

Er derimod en effektiv barriere for f.eks. pepsin.

Sekretionen stimuleres af postaglandiner og hæmmes af NSAID.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Ulcus patofysiologi- Bicarbonat

A

Sekretionen af bikarbonat udgør kun 1/20 af syresekretionen.

Stimuleres af syre, prostaglandiner, cholinergica og VIP.

Hæmmes af NSAID, cigaretrygning, Helicobacter pylori, nedsat perfusion(shock,acidose), kulsyreanhydrase hæmning og anti-cholinergica.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Helicobacter pylori, særlige karakteristika?

A

Microaerophile, rod-shaped, mobile (flagella), urease-producing, curved, G-neg bacteria.

Present in the mucus layer overlying the tissue

Colonization continues for life

Almost all carriers have evidence of tissue reaction(=chronic active gastritis) but most remain asymptomatic

HP colonization is associated with increased risk for developing peptic ulcer,noncardia gastric adenocarcinoma, and MALT lymfomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Helicobacter pylori - Transmission and epidemiology ?

A

Socioreconomic factors

Higher prevalence in developing countries

Gastric-oral or fecal-oal route

Prevalence rises by 1% per year of age

Cohort effect

Percentage infected at a given age is falling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Hvad viser H pylori forskning?

A

Eradikationen tager tid. Recidiv er vigtige at hindre, da det ses hyppigt. Eradikationbehandling fra start mindsker sandsynligheden for recidiver (tæt på 0%).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Helicobacter pylori - Pathogenesis of HP-induced injury

A

Induction of gastric inflammation

Disruption of mucosalbarrier

Increased production of gastric acid (gastrin increased,somatostatin decreased) in some patients

Diminished mucosal secretion of bicarbonate

Gastric metaplasia

HP-strains are highly diverse (cagA,vacA )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

NSAID,which patients develop peptic ulcer complications ?

A

Mænd

Alder >60 år.

Tidligere dyspepsi.

Tidligere ulcus.

Tidligere ulcuskomplikationer.

glukokortikoider.

Drikker meget alkohol.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Helicobacter pylori - Diagnostic tests?

A

Non-invasive:

  • Serologi
  • Serum eller blodprøver
  • Laboratorie, serum ELISA.
  • Breath tests
  • Stool antigen test

Invasive:

  • Urease tests (RUT, CLO; HUT)
  • Histologi
  • Kultur
  • PCR
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Helicobacter pylori - Current treatment regimens

A

PPI i kombination med to antibiotika - Amoxicillin 1 g + clarithromycin 500 mg

eller

metronidazole 400 mg + clarithromycin 250 mg.

Each drug given twice daily for 7 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Medicinsk ulcus behandling

A

Se slide 26-29

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

COX enzymerne, hvordan inddeles de?

A
COX-1 (kontitutive): 
 - Fysiologisk stimuli. 
 - Tromboxane/A2 
   (blodplader)
 - Prostacyklin (endothel, mucosa). 
 - Prostaglandin E2 (nyre). 

COX-2 (inducible)

  • Proteaser
  • Prostaglandiner
  • Andre mediatorer
  • Inflammatorisk stimuli
  • inflammation.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

COX-2 hæmmer og risiko for ulcus?

A

Risiko for kompliceret ulcus reduceres fra 1,27% til 0,44%, dvs. NNT=120.

Effekt ses kun hos patienter, der ikke tager ASA.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Er der nogen, der særligt skal have COX-2 hæmmere?

A
  • Alder >65 år.
  • Tidligere
    ulcussygdomme.
  • Samtidig steroid
    behandling.
  • Samtidig AK
    behandling
  • Svær systemsygdom.

MEN UDEN HJERTE- ELLER NYRESYGDOM.

ASA brugere: Billigste NSAID plus syrepumpehæmmer.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Medikamentel Ulcus profylakse

A

Indikation for NSAID.

Præparatvalg: COX-1 type? COX-2 type?, magnyl? PPI?

PPI (og misoprostol) beskytter mod peptisk sår

PPI beskytter uanset HP-status

HP-eradikation ved start af NSAID?

Sekundær profylakse ved NSAID brug er kun indiceret hos risikopatienter

OBS! Gamle, trombocytaggregationshæmmede, antikoagulerede, steroidbehandlede !!!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Disponerede faktorer, medikamentel og ulcus?

A

NSAID 5-7-dobler risikoen for at få ventrikelsår de første tre måneder NSAID anvendes.

Senere er den 4-doblet og to måneder efter seponering er risikoen faldet til det normale

Der er et klart dosis-respons forhold

Risikoen øges yderligere i kombination med SSRI

Cox-2 inhibitorer reducerer forekomsten af lettere grader af dyspepsi og også perforation, obstruktion og blødninger

Brug af SSRI er forbundet med øget risiko (3,6 gange) for blødning i mavetarm-kanalen

Risikoen øges især, hvis NSAID bruges samtidig (12,2 gange)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Contribution of host genetic, bacterial, and environmental factors of H pylori-induced gastric cancer

A

Host genetiske faktorer:

  • IL-1B
  • IL1
  • IL10
  • TNF-A
  • TLR4

Bakterielle virulens:

  • cagA PAI
  • vac A s1lm1

Miljø:

  • dårlig kost
  • Rygning