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Medicine yr1 > UG-embryology > Flashcards

UG-embryology Flashcards

1
Q 
where in the 18-day old embryo do the kidneys originate from?
A-paraxial mesoderm
B-splanchnopleuric mesoderm 
C-somatopleuric mesoderm 
D-Intermediate mesoderm
A

D

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2
Q

what is the destiny of the pronephros?
A-it will eventually become the definitive kidney
B-it will eventually become the definitive ureter/ collecting system
C-it will eventually become the cloaca
D-non-its transitionary and non-functional

A

D

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3
Q 
which structure becomes the definitive kidney?
A-pronephros
B-mesonephros
C-metanephros 
D-wolffian ducts
A

C

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4
Q

why are horseshoe kidneys in the pelvis?
A-failure of reciprocal induction causes failure to ascend
B-the blood supply arises from iliac arteries instead of the aorta
C-isthmus gets trapped by the inferior mesenteric artery
D-lack of testosterone causes failure to ascend

A

C

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5
Q

the trigone of the bladder is formed by…?
A-fusion of mesonephric (Wolffian) ducts
B-fusion of paramesonephric (Mullerian) ducts
C-thickening of the urogenital sinus
D-condensation of urachus

A

A

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6
Q

what are the definitive structures of the mesonephric (Wolffian) ducts?
A-bladder, prostate and external genitalia
B-ureter, major and minor calyces
C-fallopian tubes, uterus and upper 1/3 of vagina
D-seminal vesicles, vasa defferentia and epididymis

A

D

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7
Q

what are the definitive structures of the paramesonephric (Mullerian) ducts?
A-bladder, prostate and external genitalia
B-ureter, major and minor calyces
C-fallopian tubes, uterus and upper 1/3 of vagina
D-seminal vesicles, vasa defferentia and epididymis

A

C

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8
Q 
which of the following is a remnant of the Mullarian (paramesonephric) ducts in the male?
A-appendix testis
B-Tunica vaginalis 
C-Tunica albuginea
D-Gubernaculum
A

A

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9
Q 
which of the following is a remnant of the Wolffian (mesonephric) ducts in the female?
A-ovarian cyst
B-garter's cyst
C-cervical os
D-round ligament
A

B

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10
Q 
which hormone is responsible for the differentiation of the mesonephric ducts into the male internal sexual organs?
A-SRY protein 
B-testosterone
C-dihydrotestosterone
D-antimullarian hormone
A

B

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11
Q 
which hormone is responsible for the differentiation of the male external genitalia?
A-SRY protein 
B-testosterone
C-dihydrotestosterone
D-antimullarian hormone
A

C

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12
Q

which of the following statements is correct in the developing female external genitalia?
A-genital tubercle becomes the clitoris
B-genital swelling becomes the labia minora
C-urethral folds become the labia majora
D-cloacal membrane becomes the urethral orifice

A

A

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13
Q

Which of the following statements is correct in the developing male external genitalia?
A-genital tubercle becomes scrotum
B-genital swelling becomes the penis (corpus cavernosum)
C-urethral folds become the corpus spongiosum (urethra)
D-the cloacal membrane becomes penile glans

A

C

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14
Q

where is the entire UG system derived from?

A

intermediate mesoderm

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15
Q

what does the intermediate mesoderm form either side of the developing aorta?

A

a urogenital ridge

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16
Q

what does the nephrogenic cord (part of UG ridge) develop into?

A
  • pronephros
  • mesonephros
  • metanephros
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17
Q

when does the pronephros develop?

A

week 4

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18
Q

what happens to the pronephros as the mesonephros develops?

A

it degrades

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19
Q

which weeks does the mesonephros function between?

A

6-10

20
Q

what is the mesonephros made up of?

A
  • mesonephric (wolffian) duct

- mesonephric tubules

21
Q

what does the metanephros form?

A

mature kidney

22
Q

when is the metanephros formed?

A

week 5

23
Q

what is the metanephros made up of?

A
  • ureteric bud

- metanephric blastema

24
Q

what does the ureteric bud give rise to (4)?

A 
urine-secreting system 
including:
->collecting ducts 
->minor and major calyces 
->renal pelvis 
->ureter
25
Q

what does the metanephric blastema give rise to?

A

urine-forming system

26
Q

what are the 4 stages of nephron development?

A
  • Vesicle stage
  • ‘S-shaped’ body stage
  • Capillary loop stage
  • Maturation stage
27
Q

how are peritubular aggregates formed?

A

-signalling from ureteric bud induces metanephric blastema to condense forming p. aggregates

28
Q

how is the metanephric vesicle formed?

A

peritubular aggregate cells undergo MET and form m. vesicle

29
Q

outline the change in blood supply to the kidney as they ascend

A

from common iliac to aorta

30
Q

what causes kidneys to ascend?

A

Growth of the embryo in length causes the kidneys to “ascend” upwards to their final position in the lumbar region

31
Q

how do the ureters change as the kidneys ascend?

A

the ureters elongate and open into the bladder superiorly

32
Q

what week does sexual differentiation start?

A

7

33
Q

what does the presence of SRY protein trigger?

A

male development-influences formation of testes

34
Q

which 4 structures of the male reproductive system does the Mesonephric (Wolffian) duct give rise to?

A
  • Epididymis
  • Vas deferens
  • Seminal vesicle
  • Ejaculatory duct
35
Q

what is the penis formed from?

A

genital tubercle

36
Q

what is the scrotum formed from?

A

labioscrotal swelling

37
Q

what occurs when there is absence of SRY protein?

A

gonads differentiate into ovaries

38
Q

what 3 structures of the female reproductive system does the paramesonephric (Mullerian) duct give rise to?

A
  • uterus
  • fallopian tubes
  • upper 1/3 vagina
39
Q

what is the clitoris formed from?

A

genital tubercle

40
Q

what is the labia majora formed from?

A

labioscrotal swellings

41
Q

what is the labia minora formed from?

A

urogenital folds

42
Q

what does the gubernaculum do?

A

connects indifferent gonad to labioscrotal swelling

43
Q

what does the gubernaculum do specifically in males?

A

pulls the testes down into the scrotum; as this happens, it passes through the anterior abdominal wall

44
Q

where is the urogenital sinus formed from?

A

the cloaca

45
Q

are the derivatives of the urogenital sinus endodermal or mesodermal?

A

endodermal in origin

Medicine yr1 (55 decks)

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