GI-anki

Question 1

which embryological derivatives are supplied to the different arteries of the GI tract?

Answer 1

• coeliac trunk → all foregut derivatives
• superior mesenteric artery → all midgut derivatives
• inferior mesenteric artery → all hindgut derivatives

Question 2

vein pathway in comparison to the arteries?

Answer 2

-same as the artery e.g SMA → SMV

only difference is hepatic portal vein and portosystemic anastomoses

Question 3

which 2 veins join to make the hepatic portal vein?

Answer 3

splenic vein and superior mesenteric vein

Question 4

what 3 major arteries supply the GI tract? what are their vertebral levels?

Answer 4

• coeliac trunk (T12) CT
• superior mesenteric artery (L1) SMA
• inferior mesenteric artery (L3) IMA

Question 5

what is anastomosis?

Answer 5

connection between two vessels → allows blood flow between them

Question 6

what is portosystemic anastomoses? (2)

Answer 6

• communication between veins in hepatic sytem & caval system
• where adjacent structures come from different embronic orgins

Question 7

what are the 3 main sites of the portosystemic anastomoses?

Answer 7

1-oesophagus
2-rectum
3-anterior abdominal wall

Question 8

lymphatic drainage of abdomen? (2)

Answer 8

• coelicac nodes follow coeliac trunk, inferior mesenteric nodes follow IMA
• all of these lymph nodes drain → cisterna chyli (becomes the thoracic duct)

Question 9

what is angiography? (3)

Answer 9

• technique used to visualise blood vessels with x-rays using a radiocontrast medium
• convential angiography: uses x-ray
• CT: CT scanner (less invasive, 3D imaging, more radiation tho :/ )

Question 10

the superior mesenteric artery will split into the […]

Answer 10

1. the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery supplies the head of the pancreas
2. the ileocolic artery splits into the appendicular artery (appendix), posterior caecal artery (posterior caecum) and anterior caecal (anterior caecum)
3. the right and middle colic will supply the ascending colon and transverse colon respectively
4. the jejunal arteries will supply the jejunum
5. the ileal arteries will supply the ileum

Question 11

the inferior mesenteric artery will divide into the […]

Answer 11

the inferior mesenteric artery will divide into the left colic artery, sigmoid arteries and superior rectal artery

1. the left colic artery will divide into the ascending branch (transvere & descending colon) and the descending branch (descending colon)
2. the sigmoid arteries will supply the sigmoid colon
3. the superior rectal artery will supply the upper rectum

Question 12

what does the coeliac trunk split into

Answer 12

• the common hepatic duct, left gastric artery and splenic artery
  1. the common hepatic duct splits into the right gastric artery (upper 1/2 stomach), proper hepatic artery (R: right side of liver & GB and L: left side of liver) and gastrodudodenal (-> right gastromental (lower 1/2 stomach) and superior pancreaticoduodenal artery (head of pancreas)
  2. the left gastric artery splits into the […]
  3. the splenic artery splits into the splenic artery (pancreas and spleen), left gastromental (greater curvature of stomach) and short gastric arteries (fundus of stomach)