FOUNDATION B EoB Flashcards
In the search for a gene mutation that causes an inherited disorder within a family which molecular analytical technique is most likely to be used?
A-chromosome microarray testing (CGH) B-fluorescence in-situ hybridisation (FISH) C-genome wide association study (GWAS) D-next generation sequencing (NGS) E-polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
D-next generation sequencing (NGS)
which WBC type bridges innate and adaptive immunity?
A-B cells-can engulf and destroy foreign organisms and particles through phagocytosis and stimulate T cells through presentation
B-Basophils-release histamines in response to detection of foreign organisms-allows T and B cells time to enter tissues and become activated
C-Eosinophils-release toxic compounds from intracellular granules kill and digest foreign organisms-resulting peptides stimulate T and B cells
D-Monocytes-phagocytosis and stimulate T and B cells through presentation
E-Neutrophils-phagocytosis and stimulate T and B cells
D-monocytes
endochondral ossification is the process of bone formation via which type of cartilage?
A-elastic B-fibrocartilage C-Hyaline D-woven cartilage E-yellow elastic fibrocartilage
C-hyaline
which part of a 2 week old embryo (bilaminar disc stage) will give rise to embryo proper?
A-amnioblast B-cytotrophoblast C-Epiblast D-hypoblast E-syncytiotrophoblast
C
starting high intensity exercise, what are the main sources of energy that will be used in muscles and in which order are they used?
A-ATP/ CP/ free glucose, glucose from glycogenesis
B-CP/ free glucose/ glucose from glycogenesis and NADH
C-free glucose/ CP/ NADH and acetyl CoA from oxidation of FAs
D-free glucose/ glucose from glycogenolysis, CP and NADH
E-free glucose/ NADH/ acetyl CoA from oxidation of FAs
A
Which cell type is most involved in cutaneous immunosurveillance?
A-fibroblast B-Langerhans cell C-melanocyte D-merkel cell E-plasma cell
B-langerhans cell
which of the following are not macronutrients?
A-glucose B-carbohydrates C-glucose D-proteins E-trace metals
E-trace metals
the incubation period of a virus infection is best described as:
A-being distinct from infectious period
B-being the period after the virus has replicated and generated new viral particles
C-being the same for all viruses
D-determining how infectious the virus is
E-overlapping with the infectious period
A-being distinct infectious period
Which proteins are important for maintainance of electrical polarization of the membrane?
A-cl- channel which drive cl- outward
B-electrogenic Na+ K+ ATPase which moves 3 Na+ out and 2K+ in
C-electrogenic Na+ K+ ATPase and Na+ Ca2+ K+ Cl- channels
D-K+ channel which drive K+ outward
E-Na+ and Ca2+ channels which drive ions towards
C
Tapasin is a key molecule in the MHC Class I. What role does it play?
A-tapasin aids proteasome in the degradation of cytoplasmic proteins
B-tapasin is critical in ensuring that the HC complex folds to the correct structure
C-tapasin is important for enabling the peptide loading complex to associated with thee TAP complex
D-tapasin is important generating peptides in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum
E-tapasin is vital for the transport of peptides into the endoplasmic reticulum
C
Which of the following bacterial pathogens are gram-negative rods?
A-Clostridium difficile B-Neisseria gonorrhoeae C-Pseudomonas aeruginosa D-Staphylococcus aureus E-Streptococcus pneumoniae
C
what is the principle function of the virion?
A-to enable the virus to be detected by the host immune
B-to help the virus be released from the infected cells
C-to help the virus replicate within the cell
D-to protect the viral genome as it is transmitted from one host to another
E-to serve as a decoy target CD8+ T lymphocytes
D
The immune system is made up of a range of different cell types. What cell are the main component of the cell-mediated immune system?
A-B lymphocytes B-macrophages C-mast cells D-natural killer cells E-T lymphocytes
E
what is a reticulocyte?
A-a name for a circulating immature erythrocyte with a nucleus
B-name fro a circulating immature erythrocytes without a nucleus
C-name for a circulating immature thromocytes without a nucleus
D-name for mature erythrocyte
E-name for an immature erythrocyte precursor in the bone marrow
B
How would you structurally classify the knee joint?
A-fibrous joint B-primary cartilaginous joint C-secondary cartilaginous joint D-symphysis E-synovial joint
E
