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Medicine yr1 > GI-EoB > Flashcards

GI-EoB Flashcards

1
Q

regarding absorption from the gastro-intestinal tract:

A-amino acid uptake requires the action of bile salts
B-galactose and fructose are absorbed by the same transporter at the brush border membrane
C-glucose uptake is coupled with sodium ion uptake
D-iron absorption primarily occurs across the ileal mucosa
E-most water absorption occurs in the colon

A

C

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2
Q

this abdominal artery runs along the superior border of the pancreas

A-coeliac trunk
B-gastroduodenaal artery
C-right gastroepiploic artery 
D-splenic artery
E-superior pancreato--duodenal artery
A

D

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3
Q

The primary vessel supplying blood to the proximal transverse colon is the:

A-Inferior mesenteric artery
B-left colic artery
C-middle colic artery
D-right colic artery
E-superior mesenteric artery
A

C

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4
Q

regarding the anatomical location of the submandibular glands, they
A-are located on the dorsal surface of the tongue
B-are situated under the tongue and beneath the mucous membrane of the floor of the mouth
C-lie superior to the digastric muscles, divided into superficial and deep lobes separated by the mylohyoid muscle
D-overlie the mandibular ramus and are anterior and are anterior and inferior to the external ear
E-project obliquely upwards behind the tongue and the hyoid bone, pointing dorsally

A

C

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5
Q

the parotid gland is supplied by pre-ganglionic fibres from which parasympathetic nerve?

A-accessory
B-facial
C-glossopharyngeal
D-hypoglossal
E-vagus
A

C

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6
Q

this motility pattern facilitates absorption of the products of digestion with small intestine

A-defaecation 
B-haustration 
C-peristalsis
D-receptive relaxation 
E-segmentation
A

E

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7
Q

this motility pattern results in a large reduction in intragastric pressure following ingestion of a meal

A-antral retropulsion 
B-defaecation 
C-haustration
D-receptive relaxation 
E-vomiting reflex
A

D

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8
Q

the circular smooth muscle is located between which layers of the gut wall?

A-the myenteric plexus and submucosal plexus
B-the serosa and muscularis propria
C-the serosa and longitudinal muscle
D-the submucosa and muscularis mucosa
E-the submcosa and the mucosa
A

A

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9
Q

movement of the chyme between the stomach and small intestine is controlled by the:

A-external anal sphincter
B-ileo-caecal valve
C-lower oesophageal sphincter
D-pyloric sphincter
E-sphincter of Oddi
A

D

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10
Q

the parotid gland is supplied by pre-ganglionic fibres from parasympathetic nerve?

A-accessory
B-facial
C-glossopharyngeal
D-Hypoglossal 
E-vagus
A

C

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11
Q

these episodic intestinal contractions, regulated by the hormone motilin, clean out the gut in between meals

A-antral retropulsion 
B-defaecation 
C-haustration 
D-migrating myoelectric complex
E-peristalsis
A

D

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12
Q

regarding the function of cells within the gastric epithelium:

A-chief cells secrete the hormone gastrin to facilitate gastric acid secretion
B-D cells release somatostatin to stimulate gastrin release form the antrum
C-G cells secrete hydrochloric acid
D-mucous cells secrete the glycoprotein mucin
E-parietal cells secrete pepsinogen, the inactive precursor of pepsin

A

D

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13
Q

which process occurs after ingestion of a meal?

A-acetylcholine is released in response to food entering the small intestine and relaxes circular smooth muscle within the gut wall
B-cholecystokinin acts to contract the sphincter of Oddi
C-gastrin is produced by the fundus of the stomach to elicit acid secretion
D-secretin acts to elicit enzyme secretion from the exocrine pancreas
E-vasoactive intestinal polypeptide is released in response to fats entering the small intestine

A

E

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14
Q

the optimum pH range for activity of duodenal enterokinase (endopeptidase) is?

A-pH 1.0-2.0
B-pH 3.0-4.0
C-pH 5.0-6.0
D-pH 7.0-8.0
E-pH 8.0-9.0
A

D

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15
Q

with regard to pancreato-biliary secretions:

A-bile acids in the duodenum relax the spincter of Oddi
B-CCK inhibits secretion from the exocrine pancreas
C-distension of food in the duodenum effects a vago-vagal reflex to elicit flow of pancreatic juice
D-pancreatic acinar cells contain trypsin
E-the hormone sceretin stimulates secretion of bicarbonate form pancreatic acini

A

C

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16
Q

the term enterohepatic circulation refers to:

A-a process that involves excretion of conjugated bilirubin through the bile into the intestine
B-absorption of glucose across the enterocytes lining the small intestine into the blood
C-movement of chyme form the stomach to the duodenum through the pyloric canal
D-release of pancreatic enzyme precursors into the duodenum via the ampulla of Vater
E-the conduction of blood from the intestine to the liver via the hepatic portal vein

A

A

17
Q

regarding bilirubin metabolism, this structure extracts unconjugated bilirubin bound to albumin from circulation

A-gallbladder
B-intestine
C-kidney
D-liver
E-spleen
A

D

18
Q

hepatocytes of the liver:

A-constitute the fenestrated membrane of the hepatic sinusoids that deliver bile to the periphery of the hepatic lobule
B-function to phagocytose foreign particles and present antigen to T lymphocytes
C-synthesise and secrete extracellular matrix
D-synthesise bile slats from cholesterol
E-take up and store vitamin A

A

D

19
Q

lipoproteins that transport triglycerides from intestinal cells to the bloodstream are called

A-adipocytes
B-bile 
C-chymes
D-chylomicrons
E-fatty acid micelles
A

D

20
Q

the absorption of which vitamin is supported by intrinsic factor released from stomach parietal cells?

A-vitamin A
B-vitamin B12
C-vitamin D
D-vitamin E
E-vitamin K
A

B

21
Q

starch is a substrate for salivary alpha amylase resulting in production of dextrin and which other reducing sugar?

A-glucose
B-lactose
C-maltose
D-ribose
E-sucrose
A

C

22
Q

water is absorbed in the jejunum, ileum and colon and excreted in the faeces. Select the correct order of the amount of water movement (absorbed or excreted) normally observed, from greatest to smallest>

A-colon> jejunum> ileum> faeces
B-colon>ileum>jejunum>faeces
C-faeces>colon>ileum>jejunum
D-ileum>faeces>jejunum>colon
E-jejunum>ileum>colon>faeces
A

E

23
Q

individuals affected by severe diarrhoea typically show the following change in intestinal transport

A-decreased Na+, K+, 2Cl- co-transport activity in the intestinal epithelium
B-increased Cl- secretion into the intestinal lumen
C-increased Na+ absorption in the intestine
D-increased water absorption across the intetsinal lining via paracellular diffusion
E-reduced K+ secretion into the intestine

A

B

24
Q

the hormone gastrin acts to:

A-inhibit proliferation of histamine releasing enetrocchromaffin-like (ECL) cells
B-reduce pepsinogen release form gastric cheif cells
C-stimulate rectal contractions
D-support restitution of damaged mucosa
E-to potently release trypsin from pancreatic acini

A

D

25
Q

what is the main immunological defence in the gut countering pathogens such as Virio cholerae?

A-increase in peristalsis 
B-macrophage recriuitment 
C-mast cell degreanulation 
D-mucosal secretory IgA
E-mucus dependent clearance mechanisms
A

D

26
Q

when quinine-containing drinks are ingested, bitter taste perception occurs on gustatory receptor primarily found:

A-all over the tongue
B-at the back of the tongue
C-on the edges of the tongue
D-in the middle of the tongue
E-on the tip of the tongue
A

A

27
Q

the principle are of butyrate uptake in the gastrointestinal tract is the:

A-colon
B-duodenum
C-gallbladder
D-ileum
E-jejunum
A

A

28
Q

the major site for saccharolytic fermentation in the GI tract is the:

A-colon
B-duodenum
C-ileum
D-jejunum 
E-stomach
A

A

29
Q

the intestinal microbiota can be considered as an organ within an organ. Which of the following statements describes a correct functional role?

A-a major anaerobic phylum of microbiota is the Proteobacteria, many species of which ferment dietary fibre to SCFAs
B-intestinal bacteria play a key role in production of vitamins, including the B vitamins and vitamin K
C-our resident intestinal microbiota importantly facilitates breakdown of our indigestible matter to reduce stool bulk but provides very little energy benefit to the host
D-stercobilinogen produced from biliverdin by intetsinal bacteria gives the faeces its brown colour
E-the microbiome plays no role in developing our immune system

A

B

Medicine yr1 (55 decks)

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