U7L4 Terrorism and War Overseas Flashcards
What is Jihadism?
Jihadism is an Islamic fundamentalist movement that supports violence in the struggle against those seen as enemies of the religion of Islam.
What is an Islamic fundamentalists?
Muslims who believe that Islamic religious texts should be taken literally
How many Islamic fundamentalists are Jihadists?
Most Islamic fundamentalists are not jihadists.
How many jihadists are Islamic fundamentalists?
Jihadists are generally Islamic fundamentalists. They are also Islamists.
What is islamists?
Muslims who believe that society should be governed by religious, Islamic law.
What did Al Qaeda use as a foundation to peruse his terrorism?
Jihadism
What is the definition of terrorism?
The use of violence and cruelty to achieve political goals
This is important for you rock heads.
Note that most Muslims, or people who follow Islam, are not fundamentalists and oppose both jihadism and terrorism.
Why did Al Qaeda oppose Americans?
Al Qaeda opposed American influence in the Muslim world
Who were the targets of Al Qaeda’s attacks?
Americans
Which embassies did Al Qaeda attack?
U.S. embassies in Kenya and Tanzania.
Why did President Bill Clinton order to bomb bin Laden’s headquarters in Afghanistan?
Hundreds of people died in these attacks of Al Qaeda.
How did the bombing affect Al Qaeda?
The bombings were unsuccessful in stopping the terrorist network and in 2000, Al Qaeda attacked the USS Cole, an American Navy destroyer that was anchored at a port in Yemen on the coast of the Arabian Peninsula.
How many Al Qaeda terrorists prepare to seize four commercial airlines on 9 11?
Nineteen
What happened to the first plane on 9 11?
At 8:46 A.M., the hijackers crashed the first plane into one of the World Trade Center’s twin towers, New York City’s tallest buildings, a location later known as “ground zero.”
What happened to the second plane on 9 11?
Another plane hit the second tower about 15 minutes later.
What happened to the third plan on 9 11?
Within the hour, a third plane crashed into the Pentagon, the American military headquarters in Arlington, Virginia.
What happened to the fourth plane on 9 11?
Brave passengers on a fourth plane bound for Washington, D.C., stormed the cockpit, leading the hijackers to crash the plane into a field in Shanksville, Pennsylvania.
How long did it take for the twin towers of the World Trade Center to collapse?
Within two hours of the attack
How many people did the 9 11 attack kill?
The September 11 attacks killed nearly 3,000 people and stunned Americans.
Who did President George W. Bush blame for the 9 11 attack?
Osama bin Laden and Al Qaeda
What did the Bush administration in response to the attack on 9 11?
They launched a global war on terrorism
How was the global war on terrorism different from other wars America had fought?
The enemy, less clearly defined, included terrorist groups that threatened the United States and its allies.
The effort to wipe out terrorism led to wars with which two countries?
This effort to wipe out terrorism led the United States into wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.
Which department was made in response to the attack on 9 11 and the war on terrorism?
Department of Homeland Security
What did the Department of Homeland Security do?
It was given the job of safeguarding security within the United Stares.
What Act was made in response to the attack on 9 11 and the war on terrorism?
USA PATRIOT Act
What does the USA PATRIOT Act do?
Allows officials to conduct surveillance on suspected terrorists to home and abroad.
Shortly after the 911 attack, what did President Bush ask of Afghanistan?
To surrender Osama bin Laden.
What was the Taliban’s response to President Bush’s request?
They refused to surrender Osama bin Laden
What is the Taliban?
The Islamic fundamentalist group that controlled Afghanistan.
When did the U.S. invade Afghanistan?
October 2001
Describe the war in Afghanistan by the end of 2001.
The war began with American-led bombing missions. By the end of 2001, the Northern Alliance had captured the capital city of Kabul. They established a new government that was friendly to the United States.
What was the northern alliance?
Made up of Afghans who opposed the Taliban, had captured the capital city of Kabul.
After Afghanistan got a new government, what did the U.S. do?
The U.S. provided money to support the new Afghan government, and the American forces stayed in the country.
Even though there was a new government in Afghanistan, what effect if this have one Afghanistan?
In spite of this, the new government never gained full control of Afghanistan.
During the war, what happened to bin Laden?
He escaped to Pakistan.
By 2007, what happened to the Taliban?
The Taliban had regained some of its power in Afghanistan.
What year did Obama become president?
2009
In 2009, why did Obama send additional troops?
To provide protection and to train Afghan forces.
When did Obama promise to remove all American troops from Afghanistan?
By then end of 2014
When the war started in 2001, how many Americans supported the war?
(Percentage)
90%
As the war dragged on, how many Americans supported the war?
50%
Extra info.
As the war dragged on, however, American support declined. When asked in 2012, 50 percent of Americans wanted the government to speed the removal of troops from Afghanistan. In 2014, a partial withdrawal of U.S. troops from Afghanistan began.
Where was the location of the first attack on September 11?
one of the twin towers of the World Trade Center
What did George Bush launch in response to the 9/11 attacks?
a global war on terror
What group controlled Afghanistan at the start of the war?
the Taliban
What resulted from the mounted tensions after there Gulf War of 1991?
The United States and its allies had maintained a no-flight zone over parts of Iraq. They had also pushed for continued inspections of Iraqi military facilities to watch for the development of chemical, biological, or nuclear weapons, also known as weapons of mass destruction, or WMDs.
What did President Bish say in his 2002 Stare of Union Address?
Declared that Iraq formed an “axis of evil” with Iran and North Korea.
What did Bish accuse Iraq, Iran, and North Korea of, after the 911 attack?
Although none of the countries had a direct connection to the September 11 attacks, Bush accused them of protecting terrorists and hiding WMDs that threatened the United States.
👁👄👁
What rules from the United Nations did Iraq break?
Iraq had repeatedly blocked inspections and refused to destroy weapons that violated rules set by the United Nations.
Umm this.
In early 2003, the United States and Britain claimed to have evidence that Iraq in fact possessed WMDs.
Based on the evidence of bombs in Iraq, what did the Bish administration claim to do?
The Bush administration wanted UN approval to go to war but said it would act with or without that approval.
What did Iraq allow the U.S. to do in March 2003
In March 2003, although Iraq had allowed UN officials to conduct inspections and had begun destroying weapons, U.S. officials said that Iraq had not done enough to address concerns.
👁👁
After Iraq allowed UN officials to conduct inspections, what did the U.S. and British forces do?
U.S. and British forces began bombing targets inside Iraq and then sent troops into the country.
Smile of the camera 💀
After a month, U.S. forces occupied the capital city of Baghdad. In May, Bush declared the war concluded.
What WMD’s were found in Iraq?
No working WMDs were ever found.
👁👄👁
In December, American forces captured Saddam Hussein and turned him over to an Iraqi court for trial. What happened to him?
The court found him guilty and sentenced him to death in 2006.
In the meantime, the United States had transferred control to a temporary Iraqi government in 2004. The following year, they elected someone. Describe their job.
The next year, Iraqis elected a national assembly that had the difficult job of organizing a government despite ongoing violent conflicts among the country’s Sunni Muslim Arabs, Shia Muslim Arabs, and ethnic Kurds.
Why wasn’t the Iraq War not finished yet, despite Bush’s claim?
U.S. forces faced the task of supporting the government and trying to end the violence. In fact, U.S. involvement in the war would continue until 2011.
Why didn’t Saddam Hussein’s removal from power bring peace to Iraq?
Iraqis looted businesses and homes. Shiite and Sunni Arabs fought each other, and Arabs fought ethnic Kurds in the north. An insurgency arose against American soldiers and the Iraqi government. The new Iraqi government was too weak to manage the country.
What is an insurgency?
Armed rebellion
As the Iraq continued, what happened to the support for it? Describe.
As the war continued, support for it decreased. By early 2007, polls showed that most Americans thought the war in Iraq was a mistake and was unwinnable.
Despite the decreasing support what I’d Bush do?
The Bush administration increased the number of American forces with a troop surge. The surge reduced ethnic and religious violence in the country for a time but did not end it.
When Obama became president, what did he do about the troops in Iraq?
In 2011, President Obama ordered the removal of American troops from Iraq. In December of that year, the last 500 soldiers left Iraq, with the exception of a few guarding the American embassy.
Which jihadist group gained control of most of western Iraq?
In 2014, a jihadist group based in Syria and calling itself the Islamic State gained control of much of western Iraq.
How long did it take to capture and kill Osama bin Laden?
In 2011, nearly 10 years after the September 11 attacks, American forces captured and killed Osama bin Laden at his compound in Pakistan.
What effect did bin Laden’s death have?
Bin Laden’s death, however, did not signal the end of jihadism, Al Qaeda, or the threat of terrorism. Indeed, organizations linked to Al Qaeda seemed to be expanding after 2010.
The Department of Defense approved methods of forcing prisoners to reveal information that some critics labeled as torture. what concerns did this upbring?
U.S. military officers worried that mistreatment would lead other countries to retaliate against American prisoners
Mistreatment of prisoners at Abu Ghraib in Iraq received worldwide attention. Describe.
The United States also faced criticism over the indefinite detention of prisoners at Guantanamo Bay in Cuba. Guantanamo Bay prison opened in 2002 to house detainees captured in Afghanistan, Iraq, Asia, and Africa through the war on terrorism. After 2002, the United States housed more than 700 detainees there. Many of the prisoners at Guantanamo have not been tried in court or proven to have acted illegally, though most are suspected of terrorism.
I’m ashamed. Smh.
Where does the word Jihadism come from?
Muslims define jihad as a struggle to achieve the goals of Islam. The struggle can take place inside a person, as that person struggles to accept and devote himself or herself to the requirements of Islam. The struggle can also take place externally, as a person battles individuals who are opposed to Islam. Jihadists emphasize this second definition, which they use to justify violent actions that most Muslims oppose.
What is the goal of Jihadists?
Believing that Islam is under attack, the goal of jihadists is to fight those they see as opponents of Islam throughout the world, often using terrorist methods. They want to remove unfriendly governments in Muslim countries and wage war against countries that they see as enemies.
Where did the Jihadist movement take root?
By 2012, jihadist movements had taken root in Yemen, Pakistan, and Somalia, and the United States began attacking jihadists in these countries. Many of these jihadists were linked to Al Qaeda. Despite U.S. attacks, mainly by pilotless drone aircraft, jihadists seemed to remain strong in parts of these countries.
When did President Bush declare the Iraq War to be over?
May 2003
Until what year was the United States involved in the war in Iraq?
2011
What was the purpose of Guantanamo Bay?
to house detainees captured in Afghanistan, Iraq, Asia, and Africa through the war on terrorism
What was the U.S. response to the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001?
The United Stares launched a global war on terrorism.
Why did the United States choose to go to war in Afghanistan?
Afghanistan refused to surrender Osama bin Laden to the U.S.
Which reason best explains the U.S. decision to go to war with Iraq?
Some U.S. officials were concerned about Iraq’s possession of WMD.
In what way had the United Stares’ detention of terrorist suspects during the war on terrorism been controversial?
Treatment of detainees
What is a major motivation for jihadists?
Their struggle against those they see as enemies of Islam.
