U4L2 War and Empire

Question 1

Once Spain’s empire shrunk into just Cuba and Puerto Rico, what happened?

Answer 1

Cuba start a rebellion. This rebellion lasted for 10 years

Question 2

What did José Martí do?

Answer 2

José Martí worked day and night raising funds and giving speeches in support of Cuban independence. He told sympathetic Americans of the Cuban struggle for freedom in his newspaper, Patria.

Question 3

Why did Spain make General Valeriano Weyler the governor of Cuba?

Answer 3

Weyler used brutal tactics to crush the revolt.

Question 4

What did General Valeriano Weyler do as governor of Cuba?

Answer 4

In a policy known as reconcentration, his men moved about half a million Cubans into detention camps so that they could not aid the rebels. At least 100,000 Cubans in reconcentration camps died from starvation and disease.

Question 5

How was the U.S. affected by the situation in Cuba?

Answer 5

The United States had vital economic links to the island. Americans had invested about $50 million in Cuban sugar and rice plantations, railroads, tobacco, and iron mines. American trade with Cuba was worth about $100 million a year.

Question 6

Why did many business leaders oppose American involvement in Cuba?

Answer 6

They thought that it might hurt foreign trade.

Question 7

Why did many Americans want to intervene in Cuba?

Answer 7

They sympathized with Cuban desires for freedom.

Question 8

What did Senator Henry Cabot Lodge of Massachusetts compare the Cuba rebels to?

Answer 8

The patriots in the American Revolution

Question 9

What were new newspapers competing for during the Cuba revolution time period?

Answer 9

The press whipped up American sympathies for the people of Cuba. Two New York newspapers—Joseph Pulitzer’s World and William Randolph Hearst’s Journal—competed to print the most grisly stories about Spanish atrocities.

Question 10

What is the definition of atrocities?

Answer 10

Wartime acts of cruelty and brutality

Question 11

How did people use yellow journalism to attract readers?

Answer 11

Often, these reports were biased or untrue. According to one story, a photographer bound for Cuba told Hearst that there was no war. “You supply the pictures,” Hearst supposedly replied. “I’ll supply the war.” News stories described events in Cuba in graphic and horrifying detail.

Question 12

What is the definition of yellow journalism?

Answer 12

Reporting that relied on sensational stories and headlines

Question 13

What was President Cleveland’s view on the war?

Answer 13

He didn’t want to get involved in a war with Spain

Question 14

How did President Cleveland view the war fever in America?

Answer 14

He called the war fever in the United States an “epidemic of insanity.” Stories in the press, he grumbled, were nonsense.

Question 15

What were William McKinley, the new president, view on a war with Spain?

Answer 15

he also tried to keep the country neutral

Question 16

Why did McKinley send a battleship to the capital of Cuba?

Answer 16

In 1898, fighting broke out in Havana, the Cuban capital, he sent a battle ship to protect American citizens and their property there.

Question 17

What happened when the battleship arrived at the harbor of Havana?

Answer 17

Just after the bugler played taps, a huge explosion ripped through the ship. The explosion killed at least 260 of the 350 American sailors and officers on board.

Question 18

What was the cause of the explosion?

Answer 18

The real cause of the explosion remains a mystery. Most historians believe that a boiler blew up or that there was an accident in the ship’s own ammunition hold.

Question 19

What did Americans think was the cause of the explosion?

Answer 19

They thought that the Spanish had something to do with it.

Question 20

When was war declared in Spain?

Answer 20

April 25, 1869

Question 21

How long did the Spanish-American War last?

Answer 21

4 months

Question 22

What was Roosevelt’s war plan?

Answer 22

Roosevelt believed it was important to attack the Spanish in the Philippines as soon as war began. He wired secret orders to Commodore George Dewey, commander of the Pacific fleet.

Question 23

What was the Rough Riders?

Answer 23

When the war broke out, Roosevelt resigned his position as Assistant Secretary of the Navy. He then organized the First Volunteer Cavalry Regiment, later called the Rough Riders.

Question 24

What was the Rough Riders made up of?

Answer 24

The Rough Riders were a mixed crew, ranging from cowboys to college students and adventurers.

Question 25

What did the Rough Riders do?

Answer 25

The Rough Riders joined regular troops in the most notable land battle of the war.

Question 26

Who were the Buffalo Soldiers?

Answer 26

African American members of the 9th and 10th Cavalries, nicknamed Buffalo Soldiers, played a major role in the battle in Santiago.

Question 27

In the battle in Santiago, what did the American have to do?

Answer 27

Americans had to gain control of the San Juan Heights overlooking the city. Under withering fire, charging American forces took two strategic hills.

Question 28

Where did the Spanish army in Cuba surrender?

Answer 28

Two days later, the Americans destroyed the Spanish fleet in Santiago Bay. The Spanish army in Cuba surrendered. American troops then landed on Puerto Rico and claimed the island.

Question 29

When did the U.S. and Spain agree to stop the fighting?

Answer 29

August 12

Question 30

What did the treaty between the two countries state?

Answer 30

Spain agreed to grant Cuba its freedom. Spain also gave the United States two islands: Puerto Rico in the Caribbean and Guam in the Pacific. Finally, in return for $20 million, Spain handed over the Philippines to the United States.

Question 31

Why did many Americans disapprove of the treaty?

Answer 31

They said it violated American principles of democracy by turning the United States into a colonial power.

Question 32

Why did expansionists approve of the treaty?

Answer 32

They said that the navy needed bases in the Caribbean and the Pacific. They pointed out that the Philippines and Puerto Rico offered new territory for American businesses.

Question 33

Did the senate approve of the treaty?

Answer 33

Yes.

Question 34

What debate was on Cuba?

Answer 34

Americans were wondering if they should let them control their own government.

Question 35

What did Congress think about Cuban independence?

Answer 35

Many in Congress believed that Cuba was not ready for independence.

Question 36

What did business leaders think about Cuban independence?

Answer 36

American business leaders feared that an independent Cuba might threaten their investments there.

Question 37

In the end, the United States let the Cuban people write their own constitution. What was the exception?

Answer 37

Cuba had to accept the Platt Amendment. The amendment allowed the United States to intervene in Cuba and gave the United States control of the naval base at Guantanamo Bay. In effect, the amendment made Cuba an American protectorate.

Question 38

What is the definition of protectorate?

Answer 38

A nation whose independence is limited by the control of a more powerful country.

Question 39

What is the Platt Amendment do?

Answer 39

The amendment allowed the United States to intervene in Cuba and gave the United States control of the naval base at Guantanamo Bay.

Question 40

In Puerto Rico, the United States set up a new government. What Act played a big part in this?

Answer 40

Foraker Act

Question 41

What did the Foraker act do?

Answer 41

The act gave Puerto Ricans only a limited say in their own affairs.

Question 42

Americans set up schools, improved healthcare, and built road. With this in mind, what did the Puerto Ricans think about American rule?

Answer 42

They didn’t like it

Question 43

How did Filipinos feel about American rule?

Answer 43

Filipino nationalists had begun fighting for independence long before the Spanish-American War. When the United States took over their land after the war, Filipinos felt betrayed.

Question 44

Who led the Filipino independence fight?

Answer 44

Emilio Aguinaldo

Question 45

What did Emilio Aguinaldo accuse the Americans of?

Answer 45

accused the United States of forgetting its beginnings

Question 46

The Philippine-American War was the first all-out _____ war in which the United States fought.

Answer 46

Asian

Question 47

When did the Philippine-American War end?

Answer 47

1902

Question 48

What was the difference between the Philippine-American War and the Spanish-American War?

Answer 48

The Philippine-American War was longer and more costly than the Spanish-American War. More than 4,000 Americans died in the Philippines. Nearly 20,000 Filipino soldiers were killed. Another 200,000 civilians died from shelling, famine, and disease.

Question 49

Why weren’t Filipinos made American citizens?

Answer 49

the United States planned to give them independence in the future

Question 50

Identify the areas of fighting in the Spanish-American War. Why did the war extend to so many regions?

Answer 50

The war stretched from Cuba to the Philippines, covering Spain’s colonies. The United States fought against the Spanish empire wherever it held power and focused its offensive on Spain’s naval bases in the colonies.

Question 51

How did the Rough Riders differ from regular members of the U.S. Army?

Answer 51

The Rough Riders were a volunteer cavalry unit. They were a mixed crew of cowboys, college students, and adventurers.

Question 52

What established a limited self-government to the Puerto Ricans by the Untied States?

Answer 52

Foraker Act

Question 53

Which of the following contributed to the quick victory for the U.S. in the Spanish-American War?

Answer 53

• The Rough Riders and Buffalo Soldiers won the Battle of San Juan Hill
• The U.S. navy took control of the Manila harbor in the Philippines

Question 54

What was the effect of the Platt Agreement?

Answer 54

It made Cuba a protectorate of the U.S.

Question 55

Why did the U.S. wish to intervene in Latin America during the late 1800s and the early 1900s?

Answer 55

To protect its growing investments in Latin America