U3L4 The Progressive Presidents Flashcards

1
Q

During the war against Spain, what did Roosevelt do?

A

Roosevelt led a unit of troops in some daring exploits. He returned home to a hero’s welcome and was elected governor of New York.

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2
Q

When did Roosevelt become president?

A

After President McKinley was shot in September 1901, Roosevelt, who was the Vice President, became President.

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3
Q

What was Roosevelt’s goal?

A

He was determined to end corruption and work for the public interest.

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4
Q

What did Roosevelt see as good trusts?

A

Good trusts, he said, were efficient and fair and should be let alone.

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5
Q

What did Roosevelt see as bad trusts?

A

Bad ones took advantage of workers and cheated the public.

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6
Q

What was Roosevelt’s view on big businesses?

A

He was not against big business. In fact, he believed business was a positive force and that giant corporations were here to stay.

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7
Q

Why did Roosevelt bring a lawsuit upon the Northern Securities Company?

A

Northern Securities was a trust that had been formed to control competition among railroads. Roosevelt argued that the company used unfair business practices in violation of the Sherman Antitrust Act.

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8
Q

What was happened because of the lawsuit against the Northern Securities Company?

A

At news of the lawsuit, stock prices fell on Wall Street, New York’s center of business and finance. While business leaders worried, many ordinary Americans cheered the President.

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9
Q

What happened to the Northern Securities Company? How was this a win for Progressives?

A

In 1904, the Supreme Court ruled that Northern Securities had violated the Sherman Antitrust Act. It ordered the trust to be broken up. The decision was a victory for Progressives. For the first time, the Sherman Antitrust Act had been used to break up trusts, not unions.

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10
Q

Why did Roosevelt file a lawsuit against Standard Oil and American Tobacco Company?

A

They blocked free trade

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11
Q

What did come business leaders call Roosevelt?

A

Trustbuster

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12
Q

Explain what Roosevelt did with the mine owners in 1902.

A

In 1902, Pennsylvania coal miners went on strike for better pay and a shorter workday. Mine owners refused to negotiate with the miners’ union.
As winter approached, schools and hospitals ran out of coal. Furious at the mine owners, Roosevelt threatened to send in troops to run the mines. Finally, owners sat down with the union and reached an agreement. Roosevelt was the first President to side with labor.

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13
Q

What was the square deal?

A

everyone from farmers and consumers to workers and owners should have the same opportunity to succeed

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14
Q

How did Roosevelt win the election?

A

He promised the square deal

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15
Q

What was the main target of the square deal?

A

Railroads

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16
Q

What did Roosevelt do to the ICC?

A

Roosevelt therefore urged Congress to outlaw rebates. In 1906, Congress gave the ICC the power to set railroad rates.

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17
Q

Why did Congress pass a law to allow inspectors to enter meatpacking industries?

A

Roosevelt sent more government inspectors to meatpacking houses. The owners refused to let them in.
Roosevelt then gave the newspapers copies of a government report that exposed conditions in meatpacking plants. The public was outraged. This forced Congress to pass a law in 1906 allowing more inspectors to enter meatpacking houses.

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18
Q

What did some drug companies do?

A

They told false claims about medicine

19
Q

What did some food companies do to canned food?

A

Companies added harmful chemicals to canned foods?

20
Q

What did the Pure Food and Drug Act do?

A

Required food and drug makers to list ingredients on packages. It also tried to end false advertising and the use of impure ingredients.

21
Q

Roosevelt loved the outdoors, what did he press for?

A

Conservation, which is the protection of natural, resources.

22
Q

How were industries affecting the earth?

A

To fuel industrial growth, lumber companies were cutting down whole forests. Miners were taking iron and coal from the earth at a frantic pace and leaving gaping holes.

23
Q

What is a national park?

A

A national park is an area set aside for people to visit. It is run by the federal government.

24
Q

How did Roosevelt protect the forests?

A

Roosevelt wanted some forest areas left as wilderness. Others could supply needed resources. He wanted lumber companies to plant new trees in the forests they were clearing. Mining, too, should be controlled. In 1905, with the support of Congress, Roosevelt created the National Forest Service.

25
Q

What did Roosevelt believe about big business?

A

that it was a positive force

26
Q

What did President Roosevelt mean when he said he was committed to “making an old party Progressive”? Use evidence from the text to support your answer.

A

President Roosevelt meant that it was time to get rid of the old ways of his party and end corruption. People mocked him for wanting to reform government, calling him a “goo goo,” or someone who wants good government.

27
Q

Sequence the political jobs Roosevelt held, based on the text, before he became president of the United States.

A

Roosevelt first served in the New York State legislature but quit after his wife and mother died. He decided to return to politics after two years and worked in the Civil Service Commission, headed the police department in New York, and became assistant secretary of the Navy. After the war against Spain, he became governor of New York. He resigned as governor to become vice president of the United States. The president was assassinated in 1901, which made Roosevelt the president of the United States.

28
Q

Roosevelt didn’t want to run for a re-election, instead who did him push for?

A

William Howard Taft, his secretary of war

29
Q

How was Taft different from Roosevelt?

A

Unlike the hard-driving, energetic Roosevelt, Taft was quiet and careful. Roosevelt loved power. Taft feared it.

30
Q

What did Taft and Roosevelt have in common?

A

He supported many Progressive causes

31
Q

What success did Taft have during his presidency?

A

He broke up even more trusts than Roosevelt had. He favored the graduated income tax, approved new safety rules for mines, and signed laws giving government workers an eight-hour day. Under Taft, the Commerce Department set up an office to deal with the problems of child labor.

32
Q

Why did Taft lose Progress pike support?

A

In 1909, he signed a bill that raised most tariffs. Progressives opposed the new law, arguing that tariffs raised prices for consumers. Also, Taft fired a high-level Forest Service official during a dispute over the sale of wilderness lands in Alaska. Progressives then accused the President of blocking conservation efforts.

33
Q

How was the Bull Moose Party made?

A

When Roosevelt returned from Africa, he found Taft under attack by reformers. In 1912, Roosevelt decided to run against Taft for the Republican nomination. Although Roosevelt had much public support, Taft controlled the Republican party leadership. At its convention, the party nominated Taft. Progressive Republicans stormed out of the convention. They set up a new Progressive Party and chose Roosevelt as their candidate. He accepted saying, “I feel as strong as a bull moose.” Roosevelt’s supporters became known as the Bull Moose party.

34
Q

What was the New Freedom program?

A

At first, Wilson tried to break up trusts into smaller companies. By doing so, he hoped to increase competition in the American economy. “If America is not to have free enterprise, then she can have freedom of no sort whatever,” he said. Wilson called his program the New Freedom.

35
Q

What did Wilson do to spur competition?

A

Wilson asked Congress to lower tariffs on goods.

36
Q

What did Wilson do to regulate banking?

A

Congress passed the Federal Reserve Act in 1913

37
Q

What did the Federal Reserve Act do?

A

It set up the Federal Reserve System, an organization that controlled the supply of money to the U.S. financial system. The Federal Reserve also had the power to raise or lower interest rates.

38
Q

What did Wilson do to ensure fair competition?

A

President Wilson persuaded Congress to create the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) in 1914

39
Q

With did the FTC do?

A

The FTC had the power to investigate companies and order them to stop using unfair practices to destroy competitors.

40
Q

What did the Clayton Antitrust Act do?

A

The new law did ban some business practices that limited free enterprise. In addition, it stopped antitrust laws from being used against unions, a major victory for labor.

41
Q

How did Roosevelt’s supporters get their name?

A

When Roosevelt was chosen as the new Progressive Party’s candidate, he said he felt as strong as a “bull moose.”

42
Q

What details from Wilson Wins the Presidency support the idea that Woodrow Wilson tried to improve on the ideas of Roosevelt and Taft?

A

Woodrow Wilson tried to break up trusts into companies that could compete against each other. He also asked Congress to create the Federal Trade Commission, which would keep companies from destroying competitors, and he signed the Clayton Antitrust Act in 1914 to keep antitrust laws from being used against labor unions.

43
Q

List some of the Progressive reforms that Taft supported.

A

Taft supported reforms such as the graduated income tax, safety rules for mines, an eight-hour workday for government employees, and the establishment of an office to investigate child labor.