U4L7 Wilson and Isolationism

Question 1

Woodrow Wilson was the first American President to meet international leaders on foreign soil.

Answer 1

That it- ;-;

Question 2

What did Europeans think about Wilson’s idea of international peace?

Answer 2

The Europeans who greeted Wilson so warmly scoffed at his high-minded proposals for peace. They and their leaders were determined to punish the Germans for the war.

Question 3

When Wilson visited Europe p, what did Wilson think about the people who greeted him?

Answer 3

In Europe, Wilson visited Paris, London, Milan, and Rome. Everywhere, cheering crowds welcomed him. He thought that the crowds shared his goal of peace without victory. In fact, he was wrong.

Question 4

Even before the war ended, Wilson made the Fourteen Points? What was its purpose?

Answer 4

It was meant to prevent international problems from causing another war.

Question 5

What was the 1st point in Wilson’s plan?

Answer 5

an end to secret agreements
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Secrecy, Wilson felt, had encouraged the web of rival alliances that had helped lead to war.

Question 6

What was the 2nd point in Wilson’s plan?

Answer 6

He called for freedom of the seas, free trade, and a limit on arms.
…
He urged peaceful settlement of disputes over colonies.

Question 7

Wilson supported the principle of nation self-determination? What was national self-determination?

Answer 7

the right of national groups to have their own territory and forms of government.

Question 8

What was the fourteenth point of Wilson’s plan?

Answer 8

For Wilson, however, the fourteenth point was the most important. It called for a “general association of nations,” or League of Nations. Its job would be to protect the independence of all countries—large or small.

Question 9

What were some problems with the Fourteen Points?

Answer 9

Some goals were too vague. Others conflicted with reality.

Question 10

Why did the Allies not accept of Fourteen Points?

Answer 10

The Allies were more concerned with protecting their own interests than with forging a lasting peace.

Question 11

What was Wilson’s goal for the world?

Answer 11

lasting peace

Question 12

How was Wilson’s plan for peace different from the other Allied viewpoints?

Answer 12

The other Allied nations wanted to punish Germany. They had lost people and property as a result of the war and also faced economic collapse. They wanted Germany to accept responsibility and pay. Wilson’s plan focused on preventing future wars, and he believed his plan outlined a way to accomplish that vision.

Question 13

Why did diplomats from more than 30 nations met in Paris and Versailles?

Answer 13

to negotiate five separate peace treaties known as the Peace of Paris

Question 14

Who were the big four? What was their jobs?

Answer 14

Big Four:
Woodrow Wilson of the United States, David Lloyd George of Britain, Georges Clemenceau of France, and Vittorio Orlando of Italy.

The job:
Key issues were decided by the leaders of the Allied nations known as the Big Four

Question 15

What did the Allied forces want in return from Germany?

Answer 15

The other Allies, however, ached for revenge. Germany must pay, they said. They insisted on large reparations, or cash payments, for the losses they had suffered during the war. Further, they wanted to include a “war guilt clause” that would force Germany to accept responsibility for the war.

Question 16

The Allies were also determined to prevent Germany from rebuilding its military strength.

Answer 16

That’s it ;-;

Question 17

Wilson eventually agreed, to compromise his Fourteenth plan. However, which idea did he keep pushing,

Answer 17

the League of Nations

Question 18

What did the Allied forces think of the Treaty of Versailles?

Answer 18

None of the Allies was satisfied with it.

Question 19

What did Germany think of the Treaty of Versailles?

Answer 19

Germany, which had not even been allowed to send delegates to the peace talks, was shocked by the terms of the treaty. Still its representatives had no choice but to sign.

Question 20

What did the Treaty of Versailles do?

Answer 20

Under the treaty, Germany had to take full blame for the war.

Question 21

Under the Treaty of Versailles, what did Germany have to do?

Answer 21

Germany also had to pay the Allies huge reparations, including the cost of pensions for Allied soldiers or their widows and children. The total cost of German reparations would come to over $300 billion.

Question 22

What did the Treaty do to Germany’s military and land in of other colonies?

Answer 22

Other provisions of the Treaty of Versailles were aimed at weakening Germany. The treaty severely limited the size of the German military. It returned Alsace-Lorraine to France. In addition, the treaty stripped Germany of its overseas colonies, which were put under the control of Britain or France.

Question 23

What were Britain and France given under the Treaty of Versailles?

Answer 23

Mandates, or authorization, by the League of Nations to govern territory in what was the Ottoman Empire.

Question 24

What was the purpose of the mandates?

Answer 24

The purpose of the mandates was to govern these territories until they could function as independent nations. The British would control the former Turkish provinces of Iraq and Palestine, while the French would control Syria and Lebanon.

Question 25

Under the Treaty of Versailles, what parts of the Fourteenth points were kept?

Answer 25

In Eastern Europe, the Allies provided for several new nations to be formed on the principle of self-determination, including Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia. They were created out of lands once ruled by Germany, Russia, and Austria-Hungary. In addition, Poland regained its independence as a nation.

Question 26

What battle did a Wilson face when he came back home to America?

Answer 26

He had to persuade the Senate to approve the Versailles Treaty and to approve American participation in the League of Nations.

Question 27

What did most Americans think of the treaty?

Answer 27

They approved it

Question 28

What did a vocal minority think of it?

Answer 28

They opposed it. Some said that it was too soft on the defeated powers. Many German Americans felt that it was too harsh.

Question 29

What did some Republicans hope to do?

Answer 29

Some Republicans hoped to embarrass President Wilson, a Democrat, by rewriting or defeating the treaty.

Question 30

What did isolationists think of the League of Nations?

Answer 30

They opposed it. They were convinced that the League would lead to an “entangling alliance.”

Question 31

Why did people who weren’t isolationists agree with the League of Nations?

Answer 31

Other people who were against the League felt that it did not have enough authority to solve any pressing economic problems. They thought that it could lead to another war.

Question 32

What did Henry Cabot Lodge think of the League of Nations?

Answer 32

Lodge accepted the idea of the League of Nations. However, he wanted changes in some provisions relating to the League. He believed that Americans were being asked to “subject our own will to the will of others.”

Question 33

What was Article 10 of the treaty? What didn’t Lodge like it?

Answer 33

It called for the League to protect any member whose independence or territory was threatened. Lodge argued that Article 10 could involve the United States in future European wars. He wanted changes in the treaty that would ensure that the United States remained independent of the League. He also wanted Congress to have the power to decide on a case-by-case basis whether the United States would follow League policy.

Question 34

What did Wilson believe about Lodge’s changes to the treaty?

Answer 34

He believed it would weaken the league

Question 35

Did Wilson compromise with Lodge?

Answer 35

Nope, Advisers urged the President to compromise, to give up some of his demands in order to save the League. Wilson replied, “Let Lodge compromise.” He refused to make any changes.

Question 36

As the battle grew hotter, what did the President do?

Answer 36

He brought the case to the people
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Wilson set out across the country. He traveled nearly 8,000 miles and made 37 speeches in 29 cities. He urged Americans to let their senators know that they supported the treaty.

Question 37

What happened as Wilson was trying to convince the people?

Answer 37

On September 25, the exhausted President complained of a headache. His doctors canceled the rest of the trip. Wilson returned to Washington. A week later, his wife found him unconscious. He had suffered a stroke that left him bedridden for weeks.

Question 38

In November 1919, did the senate disapprove or accept the treaty?

Answer 38

They rejected the Treaty of Versailles

Question 39

Why did the League of Treaties fail?

Answer 39

Many nations had already joined the League of Nations. Without the United States, though, the League failed to live up to its goal of protecting members against aggression.

Question 40

What was the most important document of the Peace of Paris?

Answer 40

The Treaty of Versailles

Question 41

Who were the Allied leaders known as the Big Four and what countries did they represent?

Answer 41

Woodrow Wilson of the United States, David Lloyd George of Britain, Georges Clemenceau of France, and Vittorio Orlando of Italy

Question 42

Why did some Americans oppose the Treaty of Versailles?

Answer 42

Some opposed it because they thought it was too easy on the Central Powers and others wanted to stay out of the world’s affairs.

Question 43

Write one to two complete paragraphs about how World War I changed America’s role in the world. Consider America’s position before the war began, its decision to enter the war, and its role in the Paris Peace Conference.

Answer 43

When World War I broke out, even though the United States had expanded its role in the world by the early 1900s, Americans wanted to remain neutral. However, the United States decided to enter the war after Germany continued to attack its vessels and tried to ally with Mexico. After the war, President Wilson played an important role in promoting the League of Nations, an organization whose purpose was to prevent future world wars, but the American public did not support it, fearing that America would be dragged into future foreign conflicts. Still, due to America’s role in World War I and its participation in the peace process, the United States had become an international power that would most likely be called upon by other nations in the event of another conflict.

Question 44

Why did Henry Cabot Lodge oppose the Treaty of Versailles?

Answer 44

He wanted the U.S. to make independent decisions