U2L10 New Technologies

Question 1

What was the telegraph? What did it do?

Answer 1

Helped people around the nation stay in touch. For example, a steel maker in Pittsburgh could instantly order iron ore from a mine in Minnesota.

Question 2

What was the flaw in the telegraph?

Answer 2

The telegraph sped up communication within the United States. It still took weeks, however, for news from Europe to arrive by ship.

Question 3

What did Cyrus Field do about the flaw in the telegraph?

This is a long one 🙃

Answer 3

Cyrus Field had the idea of laying a cable under the ocean so that telegraph messages could go back and forth between North America and Europe. He began working in 1854, making five attempts to lay the cable. Each time, the cable snapped. In 1858, two American ships managed to lay a cable between Ireland and Newfoundland, linking Europe and North America. Field then arranged for Britain’s Queen Victoria in London to send the first transatlantic, or across-the-Atlantic, message to President James Buchanan in Washington, D.C. For three weeks, Field was a hero. Then, the cable broke. But Field would not give up. In 1866, the ship Great Eastern succeeded in laying a more durable cable. Field’s transatlantic cable brought the United States and Europe closer together and made him famous.

Question 4

What does transatlantic mean?

Answer 4

Across-the-Atlantic

Question 5

How did the telegraph send information?

Answer 5

The telegraph sent only dots and dashes over the wire.

Question 6

How invented the first working telephone?

Answer 6

Alexander Graham Bell

Question 7

What did science think about the telephone?

Answer 7

They praised it. God? No. Telephone? 🙇 🛐

Question 8

What did people think about the telephone?

Answer 8

They saw it as a toy.

Question 9

What mistake did the Western Union Telegraph Company make?

Answer 9

Bell offered to sell the telephone to the Western Union Telegraph Company for $100,000. The company refused—a costly mistake. In the end, the telephone earned Bell millions.

Question 10

What company did Bell form?

Answer 10

Bell formed the Bell Telephone Company in 1877.

Question 11

Who mainly bought the telephone?

Answer 11

Businesses

Question 12

What did Thomas Edison open in 1876 in Menlo Park?

Answer 12

A research laboratory

Question 13

What was Thomas Edison’s approach?

Answer 13

He turned inventing into a system. Teams of experts refined Edison’s ideas and translated them into practical inventions.

Question 14

After inventing the lightbulb, phonograph, and hundreds of other devices, what was Edison known as?

Answer 14

“Wizard of Menlo Park”

Question 15

Edison introduced his first machine for showing moving pictures. What industry did this open?

Answer 15

The movie industry. Viewers watched short films by looking through a peephole in a cabinet.

Question 16

What did the motion movie projector do?

Answer 16

Edison developed a motion picture projector, making it possible for many people to watch a film at the same time.

Question 17

Who made the electric power plant?

Answer 17

You guessed it! Edison!

Question 18

Where was the first electric power plant built?

Answer 18

New York in 1882

Question 19

How did the electric power plant improve factories?

Answer 19

Factories replaced steam-powered engines with safer, quieter, electric engines.

Question 20

What invention did Gustavus Swift come up with that changed the meatpacking industry?

Answer 20

Refrigeration

Question 21

What did Christopher Sholes invent in 1868?

Answer 21

The typewriter

Question 22

What did the typewriter do?

Answer 22

This invention sped up communication between businesses

Question 23

What areas did the typewriter effect?

Answer 23

Home and in the office

Question 24

In 1888, what did George Eastman invent?

Answer 24

Lightweight Kodak camera

Question 25

What made the lightweight camera different from others before it?

Answer 25

No longer did photography require bulky equipment and chemicals.

Question 26

How many pictures could you take with the lightweight camera?

Answer 26

After 100 snaps of the shutter, the owner returned the camera to Kodak. The company developed the pictures and sent them back, along with a reloaded camera.

Question 27

What did Elijah McCoy invent? Where was it used?

Answer 27

In 1872, Elijah McCoy created a special device that oiled engines automatically. It was widely used on railroad engines and in factories.

Question 28

What did Granville T. Woods do?

Answer 28

Granville T. Woods, found a way to send telegraph messages between moving railroad trains.

Question 29

What did Jan Matzeliger invent in 1883?

Answer 29

Jan Matzeliger invented a machine that could perform almost all the steps in shoemaking that had previously been done by hand. Patented in 1883, Matzeliger’s machine was eventually used in shoe factories across the country.

Question 30

Which group found it hard to get patent?

Answer 30

African Americans

Question 31

When did the Europeans start producing motorized vehicles?

Answer 31

1860s

Question 32

By 1890, who lead the world in auto making?

Answer 32

1890

Question 33

When did several Americans start making cars?

Answer 33

1890s

Question 34

Only what would could afford cars?

Answer 34

The rich

Question 35

What method did Henry Ford introduce to the world?

Answer 35

The moving assembly line.

Question 36

How did the assembly line work?

Answer 36

With this method of production, workers stay in one place as products move along on a track or belt.

Question 37

What did the assembly line allow to happen?

Answer 37

The mass production of cars

Question 38

Why was mass production good?

Answer 38

Ford could now sell his cars at a lower price than other automakers

Question 39

What is mass production?

Answer 39

Mass production means making large quantities of a product quickly and cheaply.

Question 40

At first, what did people think about the car?

Answer 40

At first, most people laughed at it. Some thought the “horseless carriage” was a nuisance. Others thought it was dangerous. A backfiring auto engine could scare a horse right off the road.

Question 41

As time when on car become more popular, how many people bought them?

Answer 41

As prices dropped, more people could afford to buy cars. In 1900, only 8,000 Americans owned cars. By 1917, more than 4.5 million autos were chugging along American roads.

Question 42

Automobiles were at first regarded as machines for _____ only

Answer 42

men

Question 43

What did car markers realize?

Answer 43

Automakers soon realized, however, that women could drive—and buy—cars. Companies began to direct advertisements to women, stressing the comfort and usefulness of automobiles.

Question 44

Where did the Wright brothers get their inspiration to build a plane?

Answer 44

They read about Europeans who were experimenting with glider planes.

Question 45

When and where did the Wright brother test thier first “flying machine”?

Answer 45

December 17, 1903, at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina.

Question 46

How did the their first “flying machine” work in the air?

Answer 46

The plane, powered by a small gasoline engine, stayed in the air for 12 seconds and flew a distance of 120 feet. Orville flew three more times that day. His longest flight lasted 59 seconds.

Question 47

In 1905, the Wright brothers made their first succeful plane, how did people react to it?

Answer 47

Surprisingly, the first flights did not attract much interest. No one could see any practical use for the flying machine.

Question 48

How did the military react to the plane?

Answer 48

It was the United States military that first saw a use for airplanes. In 1908, the Wrights demonstrated how planes could fly over battlefields to locate enemy positions.

Question 49

In what way did Thomas Edison have the greatest effect on the nation?

Answer 49

Electrical devices transformed homes and businesses

Question 50

How did patents affect innovation?

Answer 50

They provided licenses for inventors