U7L1 The Conservative Revolution Flashcards

1
Q

What caused Carter to win during the election?

A

After years of scandal in Washington, Carter’s fresh face and promises of a new approach carried him to a narrow victory.

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2
Q

How did Carter begin his term as president?

A

The new President sent Congress almost a dozen major bills.

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3
Q

What were the bill Carter sent to Congress about”

A

They included reforms in the Social Security system and in the tax code.

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4
Q

How did President Carter handle inflation?

A

The President did not fare much better with the problem of high inflation. When the government tried to slow inflation, prices only kept rising. Many families had trouble paying for food, clothing, and rent.

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5
Q

Although was democrat, solutions did adopt to to solve high inflation?

A

Conservative

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6
Q

What conservative methods did President Carter use to help reduce inflation?

A

He cut government spending and appointed Paul Volcker as Chairman of the Federal Reserve. Volcker used monetary policy to attack inflation by reducing credit and raising interest rates.

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7
Q

What did President Carter do to deregulate the transportation industry?

A

Carter also adopted a conservative position when he took steps to deregulate the transportation industry. Reducing regulation increased free market competition. Policies such as the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 brought lower prices for consumers.

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8
Q

What did the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 do?

A

brought lower prices for consumers

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9
Q

In foreign affairs, what was Carter a strong defender of?

A

Human rights

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10
Q

What was the Helsinki Agreement?

A

Thirty-five nations pledged to respect basic rights such as religious freedom and freedom of speech.

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11
Q

Who signed the Helsinki Agreement? When?

A

The United States had signed the Helsinki Agreement just before Carter took office.

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12
Q

What did President Carter think of the Helsinki Agreement?

A

The United States, Carter said, should keep this pledge and not aid countries that violated human rights.

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13
Q

Whose support did Iran have?

A

Iran was ruled by a shah who had U.S. support.

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14
Q

What caused shah, ruler of Iran, to leave?

A

In 1979, the Iranian Revolution forced the unpopular shah to flee.

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15
Q

Which religious ruler took control of Iran after shah left?

A

Ayatollah KhomeinI

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16
Q

What was the difference between the shah and Ayatollah Khomein?
(Allies)

A

The shah had been a firm ally of the United States. The ayatollah was strongly anti-American.

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17
Q

What was difference between the shah and Ayatollah Khomein?

style

A

Where the shah had favored westernizing Iran, the new ruler wanted to enforce a strict, old-fashioned version of Islam.

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18
Q

What was similar between shah and Ayatollah Khomein?

Government

A

Neither, however, favored democracy.

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19
Q

Why did President Carter let the shah into the U.S.?

A

In November 1979, President Carter let the shah enter the United States for medical treatment.

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20
Q

What did Iranian revolutionaries in response to the U.S. taking in the shah?

A

They seized the American embassy and took 53 Americans hostage.

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21
Q

When were the hostages in Iran released? How did this affect the relationship between America and Iran?

A

ment. In response, Iranian revolutionaries seized the American embassy and took 53 Americans hostage. The hostages were not freed until January 1981. The hostage crisis poisoned American relations with Iran for decades.

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22
Q

How did the hostage crisis in Iran affect America politically?

A

During the 1980 presidential election campaign, conservatives and Republicans criticized Carter for not successfully defending the overseas interests of the United States.

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23
Q

How did the Iranian Revolution affect gas prices?

A

The Iranian Revolution seriously disrupted oil production in Iran, which had been a major source of oil on the world market. Oil prices shot up, and Americans began to line up in cars at gas stations to buy gasoline, fearing that shortages would develop. Panic buying did lead to shortages in some places.

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24
Q

Who did Americans blame for the shortage of gas shortages?

A

Many Americans blamed President Carter’s foreign policy for the gas lines and shortages.

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25
Q

How did Carter somewhat cause the oil p/gas shortage in America?

A

After Iranians took Americans hostage in late 1979, Carter blocked any further oil imports from Iran. Then, in September 1980, war broke out between Iran and its neighbor, Iraq. Both countries had been major oil producers. The war further reduced world oil supplies and kept gas prices high.

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26
Q

Despite Carter being a Democrat, for what problems did he take conservative approaches?

A

inflation and problems with the transportation industry

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27
Q

How many American hostages were taken in Iran?

A

53

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28
Q

What war contributed to the energy crisis in the United States?

A

Iran and Iraq War

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29
Q

Which tide did Ronald Reagan swept into office?

A

Conservative

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30
Q

What view did many Americans share with President Reagan?

A

More Americans had come to agree with him that high taxes and “big government” were causing many national problems. “Government,” he said, “is not the solution to our problems, government is the problem.” These ideas contrasted sharply with the dominant ideas of the 1960s and 1970s.

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31
Q

How was President Reagan different from some the ones before him?

A

Since the 1930s, the federal government had grown steadily. President Franklin D. Roosevelt had begun this trend to help people through the Great Depression. Harry Truman, John Kennedy, and Lyndon Johnson continued the expansion. These liberal presidents believed that government should play a large role in managing the economy and providing social programs.

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32
Q

What did Arizona senator Barry Goldwater led the way for?

A

A conservative movement warned against growing federal power. He argued for a smaller government nearer the people.

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33
Q

By the 1980s, conservatives dominated which party?

A

The Republican Party

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34
Q

What did Ronald Reagan and other conservatives think about the federal government?

A

Led by Ronald Reagan, they believed that federal social programs had become too costly and that federal regulations kept businesses from growing. State and local governments, they argued, were closest to the people and should decide what regulations were needed.

35
Q

What did many conservatives want?

A

After decades of social change, many conservatives called for a return to traditional values. These included religion, family, and patriotism.

👁👄👁

36
Q

Why and how did evangelical Christian churches grow so rapidity during the 1970s and 1980s?

No seriously. Why.

A

Reflecting the renewed emphasis on traditional values, evangelical Christian churches grew rapidly during the 1970s and 1980s. Evangelicals stressed personal conversion and sought to convert others. Evangelical ministers used television to widen their audience.

No cause when I hear the word traditional I wanna throw up.

Oh JeNNy, wHy ARe yOu SO cAUght UP iN “NEw wAys”.

👁👁

37
Q

Who founded the Moral Majority?

A

Reverend Jerry Falwell

38
Q

What did the Moral Majority do?

A

The group aided political candidates who favored conservative religious goals, such as a constitutional amendment to allow organized prayer in public schools. In 1980, strong support from the Moral Majority and the other conservative religious organizations helped put Ronald Reagan in the White House.

39
Q

Why did Ronald Reagan earn the title of “Great Communicator”?

A

His skill at presenting ideas in terms that ordinary people could understand earned him the nickname the Great Communicator.

40
Q

What did Ronald Reagan do before he became the governor of California?

A

He had been a movie star

41
Q

What was President Reagan’s economic plan usually called?

A

Reaganomics

42
Q

Why did Reagan want Congress to cut taxes?

A

Reagan hoped that taxpayers would use the extra money to buy more and save more.

43
Q

How would cutting taxes also help businesses and banks?

A

Buying more would spur business growth. Saving more would allow banks to invest in new business ventures.

44
Q

Why did Reagan also want to cut federal spending?

A

To reduce the size of the government

45
Q

The President persuaded Congress to slow down spending increases on social programs, such as welfare, and aid to education. What did critics and supports think of this?

A

Critics charged that those cuts hurt the poor and children. Supporters responded that Reagan was just trimming programs that did not work.

46
Q

What was deregulation?

A

reduction of restrictions on businesses

47
Q

How did Reagan use the idea of deregulation in his Reaganomics plan?

A

Reagan sped up an earlier trend toward deregulation. He opposed all laws, for example, that required industries to install expensive antipollution devices.

48
Q

How did President Reagan’s Reaganomics plan affect the economy?

A

After a slow start, the economy was booming by 1984. When Reagan left office, there were 16 million more jobs, while inflation had been held in check.

49
Q

One of Reagan’s goals as president was a balanced budget. What is a balanced budget?

A

A balanced budget requires the government to spend only as much as it takes in.

50
Q

How did Reagan fail at making a balanced budget?

A

While Reagan cut social spending, he sharply increased military spending. As military spending rose and taxes fell, the budget deficit soared. For 1986, the deficit jumped to $240 billion, more than twice as high as under any previous President.

51
Q

Once Reagan’s Vice President Bush became president, what did he vow to do?

A

Reagan’s Vice President, George H. W. Bush, won a big victory in 1988. Bush vowed to continue Reagan’s economic policies, cutting the deficit without raising taxes. “Read my lips,” he pledged during the campaign. “No new taxes.”

52
Q

Why couldn’t Bush keep his promise that he made when he became president?

A

By 1990, he and Congress were deadlocked over which government programs to cut to reduce the deficit. Finally, Bush agreed to raise taxes to save some popular programs. Many conservatives felt betrayed.

53
Q

What happened when Bish raised taxes?

A

As taxes rose, the economy grew weaker. To make matters worse, a banking crisis developed. Deregulation had led some banks to make risky loans. When those loans were not repaid, many banks failed. With banks unable or unwilling to make loans, the economy slowed.

54
Q

How did many business cut costs by downsizing?

A

Downsizing increased business profits but also increased joblessness. These conditions soon produced a recession.

55
Q

Reagan and Bush appointed a total of five Justices to the Supreme Court.

A

(One of Reagan’s choices, Sandra Day O’Connor, was the first woman to serve on the Court.) The new Justices were more conservative than those they replaced.

56
Q

What did the new and more conservative court do?

A

The more conservative Court placed new limits on the rights of suspected criminals, as well as on the right of prisoners to appeal convictions. The Court made it harder for workers to win job discrimination cases. It also reduced busing, which some school districts had used since the 1960s to achieve racial integration in public schools.

57
Q

What did the conservatives believe about federal programs?

A

They were too costly and regulations kept business from growing

58
Q

Who was the first woman to serve as a justice of the U.S. Supreme Court?

A

Sandra Day O’Connor

59
Q

What promise to the American public did George H. W. Bush make that he could not keep?

A

not to raise taxes

60
Q

How did President do in his re-election campaign?

A

Bush faced a stiff reelection challenge in 1992. Recession and unemployment continued. Bickering between Congress and the President left voters unhappy with Washington politics. The Democratic nominee, Arkansas governor Bill Clinton, promised more government involvement in areas ignored by Reagan and Bush.

On Election Day, voters signaled their dissatisfaction. Only 38 percent voted for Bush.

61
Q

What road did President Clinton follow?

A

President Clinton followed a middle-of-the-road course.

62
Q

What did President Clinton do about taxes and federal spending? What results did this bring?

A

On the one hand, he moved cautiously when he persuaded Congress to increase some taxes and reduce spending. Yet this caution brought success. Under Clinton, for the first time in over 40 years, the federal deficit began a steady decline.

63
Q

What did Clinton push for? Why?

A

Clinton pushed for bold reform of the healthcare system. In 1994, some 37 million Americans had no health insurance.

64
Q

What did President Clinton’s health plan call for?

A

Clinton called for a national system of health insurance for almost all Americans.

65
Q

Why did Congress reject President Clinton’s health plan?

A

After heated debate, however, Congress defeated the plan. Many Americans worried that it would be too costly and involve the government too deeply in their lives.

66
Q

What did many Americans think of Clinton’s health care plan being declined?

A

To many Americans, the struggle over healthcare showed that Washington was paralyzed. Democrats controlled both Congress and the White House, yet the President could not get his own plan enacted.

67
Q

During the term of President Bush, the United States had negotiated with Mexico and Canada to conclude the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). Bush signed the agreement in October 1992, but he was unable to persuade Congress to ratify the agreement before he left the White House in January 1993. Why didn’t many people like NAFTA?

A

In the United States, opponents argued that, by allowing free trade with Mexico, where pay was much lower and there were fewer laws protecting the environment, the agreement would result in American jobs leaving the country.

68
Q

Which people didn’t like NAFTA?

A

Among those opposing NAFTA were much of the labor movement.

69
Q

Which people liked NAFTA?

A

Many U.S. business leaders, however, supported NAFTA, arguing that it would open up markets for U.S. products.

70
Q

Under what conditions did Clinton agree to in order to accept NAFTA?

A

When Bush signed NAFTA in October 1992, he was in the midst of a presidential campaign against Bill Clinton. Clinton agreed to support NAFTA if provisions were added to the agreement protecting the environment and labor rights.

71
Q

Even after Candy and Mexico agreed to protect the environment and labor Union, why were people still against it?They believed the changes did not go far enough. In the end, though, Clinton convinced Congress to support the agreement.

A

They believed the changes did not go far enough. In the end, though, Clinton convinced Congress to support the agreement.

72
Q

Clinton agreed to NAFTA.

A

NAFTA took effect on January 1, 1994. It opened the markets of all three North American countries to the free movement of trade and investment across borders. After the agreement took effect, trade among the three countries increased dramatically.

73
Q

How did the economy do even since Clinton became President?

A

After Clinton took office in 1993, the U.S. economy recovered strongly from recession. The economy continued to grow throughout Clinton’s eight years in office, the longest uninterrupted period of economic growth in U.S. history.

74
Q

What do historians think was the cause of the boom during Clinton’s presidency?

A

Some believe that Clinton’s effort to trim the federal budget deficit strengthened the economy. Others point to sharply lower energy prices. Still others believe that economic growth was largely the result of using computers to make American workers more productive.

75
Q

Why were people frustrated by Clinton’s healthcare plan? How did this affect his re-election?

A

Despite the improving economy, voter frustration with Clinton’s healthcare plans helped Republicans win a resounding victory in the 1994 congressional elections. For the first time since the 1950s, Republicans held a majority in both the Senate and the House of Representatives.

76
Q

What was the “Contract With America”?

A

Newt Gingrich of Georgia became Speaker of the House. Under his leadership, House Republicans drew up a “Contract With America”. This set of proposed laws included reducing social spending and environmental regulations and slashing taxes.

77
Q

Why did President Clinton not like the “Contract with America”?

A

The President attacked many of the proposals as unfair to poor and middle-class Americans.

78
Q

How did president Clinton and congress compromise the “Contract with America”?

A

After a bitter fight, he compromised with Congress on a plan to balance the federal budget by the year 2002. In fact, the economy grew so strongly that in 1998 the government reported a budget surplus, in which income exceeded spending. Over the next two years, the surplus grew even larger.

79
Q

How did Congress and Clinton also compromised on welfare reform?

A

The government limited the length of time a person could receive welfare benefits. In this way, it hoped to encourage unemployed Americans to find jobs.

80
Q

What controversy engulfed Clinton’s second term.

A

Federal prosecutors investigated Clinton for real estate dealings while he was governor of Arkansas. Prosecutors found no evidence of lawbreaking.

81
Q

The house voted to impeach President Clinton. How did this turn out?

A

Amid heated debate, the House voted to impeach the President. For only the second time in history, the Senate tried a President. In February 1999, the Senate voted to acquit the President, and he continued in office until the end of his second term in 2001.

82
Q

What happened to the federal deficit under Clinton?

A

It began a steady decline for the first time in 40 years.

83
Q

To whom did Clinton feel the Contract with America was unfair?

A

the poor and middle class

84
Q

What did Congress accuse President Clinton of doing?

A

lying under oath