U4L4 A European War

Question 1

What did the growth of imperialism in Europe between 1870 and 1914 cause?

Answer 1

Several nations competed for power in the same region.

…and other stuff ;-;

Question 2

What views was nationalism stemmed from?

Answer 2

1. Imperialism

2. The belief that people with common language and culture should stay united

Question 3

What is nationalism?

Answer 3

Pride in one’s nation

Question 4

What were the 2 main views on European nationalists?

Answer 4

1. European nationalists demanded freedom and self-government.
2. They believed that people with a common language and culture should throw off foreign rule and form their own countries.

Question 5

What did nationalism encourage?

Positive

Answer 5

Unity

Question 6

What did nationalism encourage?

Negative

Answer 6

It created mistrust and bitter rivalry between nations.

Question 7

How does the negative affects of nationalism show in the war between France and Germany in 1870?

Answer 7

France and Germany had gone to war in 1870. When France lost the war, it had to give Germany the iron-rich territory of Alsace-Lorraine. The French never forgot this blow to their national pride. They hoped for an opportunity to regain their lost territory.

Question 8

How did nationalism deepen hospitality between Austria-Hungary and Russia?

Answer 8

Russia encouraged Serbs and other minorities in Austria-Hungary to rise up against their rulers.

Question 9

In Europe between 1870 and 1914, how did nationalism expand rivalries amount powerful nations?

Answer 9

They often fought over land in continents like Africa and Asia. This often led to wars in places far from Europe.
…
Between 1870 and 1914, rivalries expanded among powerful nations such as Britain, France, Germany, Italy, and Russia as they scrambled for colonies in Africa, Asia, and the Pacific. Often, several nations competed for power in the same region. This competition sometimes led to wars in places far from Europe.

Question 10

What was militarism?

Answer 10

the policy of building up strong armed forces to prepare for war

Question 11

How did militarism cause tension?

Answer 11

European nations expanded their armies and navies, creating new stresses.

Question 12

To protect themselves, what did many European nations do?

Answer 12

They formed rival alliances

Question 13

What was the Triple Alliance? Which nation organized this alliance?

Answer 13

Germany organized the Triple Alliance with Austria-Hungary and Italy.

Question 14

How did France respond to the Triple Alliance?

Answer 14

They made the Triple Entente

Question 15

Which nations where in the Triple Entente?

Answer 15

France
Russia
Britain

Question 16

Why did the alliance system pose a new danger?

Answer 16

Allies agreed to support one another in case of an attack. Thus, a crisis involving one member of an alliance also affected that nation’s allies. This meant that a minor incident could spark a major war.

Question 17

What was happening in the Balkan Peninsula due to nationalism?

Answer 17

There, the rival nations of Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro, Romania, and Serbia battled for territory. At the same time, Balkan nationalists called on related ethnic groups in Austria-Hungary to throw off Austrian rule.

Question 18

Who was Archduke Francis Ferdinand?

Answer 18

Heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary

Question 19

Why did Archduke Francis Ferdinand being in Sarajevo anger the Black Hand?

Answer 19

Francis Ferdinand’s visit angered members of the Black Hand, a Serbian terrorist group. The Black Hand wanted Bosnia to break away from Austria-Hungary and join Serbia

Question 20

Archduke Francis Ferdinand and his wife, Sophie, were visiting Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia. What happen while they was there?

Answer 20

On June 28, the archduke and his wife, Sophie, rode through Sarajevo in an open car. Suddenly, a young terrorist named Gavrilo Princip stepped from the curb, waving a pistol. Taking aim, he fatally shot Francis Ferdinand and Sophie.

Question 21

Who killed Archduke Francis Ferdinand?

Answer 21

a young terrorist named Gavrilo Princip

Question 22

Who was blamed for the death of Archduke Francis Ferdinand?

Answer 22

Austria-Hungary accused the Serbian government of organizing the archduke’s assassination.

Question 23

What did Russia do when Austria-Hungry threatened war on Serbia? What did Diplomats try to do?

Answer 23

When Austria-Hungary threatened war, Russia moved to protect Serbia. Diplomats rushed to ease tensions, but they could not stop the system of alliances from running its fateful course.

Question 24

When did Austria-hungry declare war on Serbia?

Answer 24

On July 28

Question 25

Because Russia wanted to intervene with the war, what did Germany, Austria-Hungry’s ally, do?

Answer 25

Austria-Hungary’s ally, Germany, called on Russia to cancel the mobilization order. When it received no reply, Germany declared war on Russia on August 1.

Question 26

Three days later after declaring war on Russia, who else did Germany declare war on?

Answer 26

France, Russia’s ally

Question 27

Which side was Belgium on?

Answer 27

They were neutral

Question 28

Why did Britain declare war in Germany?

Answer 28

German armies sliced through neutral Belgium on their march to France, Britain declared war on Germany. Long before, Britain had promised to defend Belgium if it were attacked.

Question 29

With what countries did Germany form an alliance?

Answer 29

Austria-Hungary and Italy

Question 30

How did militarism contribute to World War I?

Answer 30

Militarism contributed to World War I because under this policy, nations were expanding their armies and navies. This caused a chain reaction so that every nation tried to keep up with all the rest.

Question 31

Why did Austria-Hungary declare war on Serbia?

Answer 31

The Austria-Hungarian archduke and his wife were assassinated and the government thought that the Serbian government had helped orchestrate the assassination.

Question 32

What was the Kaiser?

Answer 32

German emperor

Question 33

What did the Kaiser of Germany promise his troops?

Answer 33

You will be home before the leaves have fallen from the trees
….
Don’t ask me what that means ;-;

Question 34

What did both sides of the conflict think about the timing of the war?

Answer 34

They thought the war wouldn’t last long

Question 35

How long did the war last? What was the war known as at the time?

Answer 35

The war dragged on for four blood-soaked years, from 1914 to 1918. At the time, the conflict was called the Great War.

Question 36

During the war, what did many other European countries do?

Answer 36

In time, several other nations, including Italy, joined the Allies.

Italy betrayed the Centrals wtf- 😭

Question 37

What is a stalemate?

Answer 37

a deadlock in which neither side is strong enough to defeat the other

Question 38

During the Great War, what caused a statement?

Answer 38

By November 1914, a German advance and an Allied counterattack had produced nothing but a deadly stalemate.

Question 39

What did both sides dig?

Answer 39

Both sides dug in, creating a maze of trenches protected by barbed wire.

Question 40

Where was the “no man’s land”?

Answer 40

Between the frontline trenches of each side lay a “no man’s land” of barbed wire.

Question 41

Describe the trenches.

Answer 41

Some trenches were shallow ditches. Others were elaborate tunnels that served as headquarters and first-aid stations.

Question 42

What was trench warfare?

Answer 42

In trench warfare, soldiers spent day after day shelling the enemy trenches. An attack would begin with hours of heavy artillery fire. Then, on orders from an officer, the troops charged “over the top” of the trenches. Armed with their rifles, soldiers raced across “no man’s land” to attack the enemy. With luck, they might overrun a few trenches. Before long, the enemy would launch a counterattack, with similar results. In this way, the struggle went on, back and forth, over a few hundred yards of territory.

Question 43

What was the two sides used?

Answer 43

Gas

Question 44

What were the two types of gas?

Answer 44

chlorine and mustard

Question 45

What did the gas do?

Answer 45

The clouds of gas floated into the trenches, choking and blinding the soldiers.

Question 46

How long did the battle of verdin last? Why?

Answer 46

10 months
…
Because of the nature of trench warfare, most offensives were long and deadly

Question 47

Which side was the U.S. government on?

Answer 47

They were neutral

Question 48

What side were most Americans on? Why?

Answer 48

Most Americans favored the Allies because of long-standing ties of language, history, and culture through Britain. Also, the United States and France had been allies in the American Revolution.

Question 49

What side were the other Americans on?

Answer 49

Millions of Irish Americans also sympathized with the Central Powers. They hated Britain, which had ruled Ireland for centuries. Many American Jews favored Germany over Russia. Some of them had fled persecution in Russia only a few years earlier.

Question 50

How did the war have an affect on the U.S.?

Economic

Answer 50

The economy boomed as American farmers and manufacturers rushed to fill orders for war goods. By 1917, trade with the Allies had greatly increased. Trade with the Central Powers also increased but by a much smaller amount. This trade imbalance meant that the United States was not strictly neutral.

Question 51

What is the definition of propaganda?

Answer 51

Propaganda is the spreading of ideas that help a cause or hurt an opposing cause.

Question 52

In propagandas, how were both sides depicted?

Answer 52

Each side pictured the other as savage beasts who killed innocent civilians.

Question 53

How were U-boats used in the war? How did it affect neutral forces?

Answer 53

Early in the war, however, Britain blockaded German ports, hoping to starve Germany into surrender. In response, Germany set up a blockade around Britain. To enforce the blockade, Germany used a powerful new weapon—a fleet of submarines known as U-boats. German U-boats attacked any ship that entered or left British ports. This meant that neutral ships would also be attacked.

Question 54

How did Germans disobey international law?

Answer 54

Under international law, a country at war could stop and search a neutral ship suspected of carrying war goods. However, German submarines were not equipped to conduct a search. After surfacing, they simply torpedoed enemy and neutral ships, often killing scores of civilians.

Question 55

How did the German submarines affect American lives? Why did Germany stop its submarine campaign?

Answer 55

On May 7, 1915, a German submarine torpedoed the Lusitania, a British passenger ship, off the coast of Ireland. Nearly 1,200 people died, including 128 Americans. An outraged Wilson threatened to break off diplomatic relations, or official ties, if Germany did not stop sinking passenger ships. Germany was not ready to strengthen the Allies by drawing the United States into the war. It agreed to restrict its submarine campaign.

Question 56

What was the Sussex Pledge?

Answer 56

Before attacking any ship, U-boats would surface and give warning. This agreement, called the Sussex Pledge, kept the United States out of the war a little longer.

Question 57

What did Europeans on both sides of the conflict believe at the start of the war?

Answer 57

that it would be over soon

Question 58

Describe the effects of trench warfare.

Answer 58

When both the Central and Axis powers used trench warfare, progress for either side was slow and resulted in little territorial gain. The battles were long and casualties were high.

Question 59

Why did the Germans agree to the Sussex Pledge?

Answer 59

Germans agreed to the Sussex Pledge because they were not ready to take on the strength of the Allies if the United States joined the war.