U4L3 U.S. Power in Latin America

Question 1

What is an isthmus?

Answer 1

a narrow strip of land that has water on each side with the strip of land connecting two larger bodies of land

Question 2

One ___ miles Land separated the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean.

Answer 2

50

Question 3

To build the canal, Roosevelt had to make a deal with Colombia who owned the isthmus. What was the deal Roosevelt made?

Answer 3

Roosevelt asked Secretary of State John Hay to approach Colombia. Hay offered $10 million cash plus $250,000 a year to rent a strip of land across Panama.

Question 4

Did Columbia accept the deal?

Answer 4

Nope. My dude was furious-

Question 5

Since, Columbia refused Roosevelt offer; what did Roosevelt say to Columbia?

Answer 5

Roosevelt knew that some Panamanians wanted to break away from Colombia. He made it known that he would not help Colombia suppress the rebels. In fact, he might even support the rebellion.

Question 6

What part did the Americans play in the Panamanians rebellion?

Answer 6

On November 2, 1903, the American warship Nashville dropped anchor in the port of Colón, Panama. The next day, Panamanians rebelled against Colombia. American forces stopped Colombian troops from crushing the revolt.

Question 7

What did America do immediately after Panama gained independence?

Answer 7

The United States recognized the new nation at once

Question 8

What did Panama agree to do with America?

Answer 8

Panama in turn agreed to let the United States build a canal on terms similar to those it had offered to Colombia.

Question 9

Who was angered by Roosevelt’s actions in Panama?

Answer 9

Latin Americans and some members of Congress

Question 10

Before they could start building the canal, what did they have to take care of?

Answer 10

Disease

Question 11

Why was Panama a mosquito paradise?

Answer 11

It had tropical heat, heavy rainfall, and plentiful swamps

Question 12

What two deadly disease come for mosquitoes?

Answer 12

Malaria and yellow fever

Question 13

What did Dr. William Gorgas do?

Answer 13

Dr. William Gorgas, an army physician, arrived in Panama in 1905 to help control the mosquitoes and the spread of disease. He ordered workers to locate all pools of water, where mosquitoes laid their eggs. Day after day, the workers drained swamps, sprayed tons of insecticide, and spread oil on stagnant water to kill mosquito eggs. By 1906, Gorgas had won his battle. Yellow fever disappeared from Panama. Malaria cases dropped dramatically. Work on the Panama Canal could proceed.

Question 14

Who solved the mosquito problem?

Answer 14

Dr. William Gorgas

Question 15

How did Colonel George Goethals contribute to the Panama Canal?

Answer 15

He supervised the dig

Question 16

About how many people dug the canal?

Answer 16

40,000

Question 17

What group of people mainly dug the canal?

Answer 17

blacks from the West Indies

Question 18

When was the Panama canal finished?

Answer 18

1914

Question 19

How did the Panama Canal benefit merchants and manufacturers the most?

Answer 19

They could now ship goods cheaply to South America and Asia.

Question 20

How did many Latin American countries feel about the canal?

Answer 20

They were bitter (and probably petty, cause same.)

Question 21

Which country owned the land on which the canal would be built in Panama?

Answer 21

Colombia

Question 22

Why did Roosevelt believe that building the canal would benefit the United States?

Answer 22

Roosevelt thought the canal would provide economic benefits such as cheaper shipping costs and shorter transport times. He also believed that the canal would provide the United States an advantage with its naval operations.

Question 23

Why were the Americans concerned when European counties sent warships to Venezuela to repay its debts?

Answer 23

The United States did not want Europeans to interfere in Latin America.

Question 24

What did Roosevelt do about the situation with Venezuela and Europe?

Answer 24

In 1904, Roosevelt announced an important corollary, or addition, to the Monroe Doctrine. He claimed that the United States had a right to intervene in Latin America to preserve law and order.

Question 25

What is the definition of corollary?

Answer 25

Addition

Question 26

What did the international police power do?

Answer 26

The United States could force Latin Americans to pay their debts to foreign nations. It would also keep those nations from meddling in Latin American affairs.

Question 27

How long did the Roosevelt Corollary last?

Answer 27

For the next 20 years, Presidents used the Roosevelt Corollary to intervene in Latin America.

Question 28

What was the dollar diplomacy?

Answer 28

American bankers to invest in Latin America.

Question 29

Who made the dollar diplomacy?

Answer 29

Roosevelt’s successor, William Howard Taft

Question 30

What did American investors do in response to the dollar diplomacy?

Answer 30

They helped build roads, railroads, and harbors in Latin America.

Question 31

How did the investments in Latin America affect both the U.S. and local governments?

Answer 31

The new railroads, for example, brought minerals and other resources to Latin American ports. From there, they were shipped all over the world.

Question 32

How did the dollar diplomacy creat problems?

Answer 32

American businesses, such as the United Fruit Company, often meddled in the political affairs of host countries. Sometimes, the United States used military force to keep order. In 1912, when a revolution erupted in Nicaragua, the United States sent in marines to protect American investments.

Question 33

How made the moral diplomacy?

Answer 33

President Woodrow Wilson

Question 34

What was the goal of the moral diplomacy?

Answer 34

The goals of Wilson’s moral diplomacy were to condemn imperialism, spread democracy, and promote peace.

Question 35

Even though President Wilson said they have to promote peace, what did he do?

Answer 35

Wilson ordered military intervention in Latin America more than any prior President. He sent marines to quell disturbances in Haiti in 1915 and in the Dominican Republic in 1916. American troops remained in Haiti until 1934.

Question 36

How did many Latin Americans feel about the military intervention?

Answer 36

many Latin Americans denounced the United States for invading their countries and interfering in their internal affairs

Question 37

What was the government of butchers?

Answer 37

Mexicans rebelled against Díaz in 1910. The new leader, Francisco Madero, promised democratic reform. Then, in 1913, Madero was himself overthrown and killed by General Victoriano Huerta.

Question 38

What did President Wilson do about the government of butchers?

Answer 38

He ignored, even though there was a civil war

Question 39

Why did President Wilson ignore the civil war?

Answer 39

He tried to stay neutral

Question 40

What government did Wilson want the Mexicans to have?

Answer 40

He hoped that Mexico would develop a democratic government without American interference.

Question 41

Why did Wilson authorize the sale of arms to Huerta’s rival, Venustiano Carranza?

Answer 41

Huerta’s dictatorship grew more brutal

Question 42

What minor incident led to American intervention?

Answer 42

In 1914, Huerta’s troops arrested several American sailors. The sailors were quickly released and an apology issued.

Question 43

Even though they sent an apology, what did Wilson do about the accident?

Answer 43

Wilson ordered the United States Navy to occupy the Mexican port of Veracruz.

Question 44

Rallied by the American show of strength, Carranza’s forces drove Huerta from power. Even though Huerta was no longer in power, why did the Civil war continue?

Answer 44

Now, General Francisco “Pancho” Villa hoped to overthrow Carranza.

Question 45

Whose side was the U.S. on throughout the civil war?

Answer 45

The United States supported Carranza.

Question 46

What did Villa’s soldiers do to hopefully weaken the relationship between the U.S. and Carranza? Did it work?

Answer 46

For-shadow:
It didn’t work

What they did:
In January 1916, Villa’s soldiers removed 17 American citizens from a train in Mexico and shot them. In March, Villa raided the town of Columbus, New Mexico, killing 18 Americans.

Question 47

What did Wilson do in response to the attack on the U.S.? How did this show that the U.S. wanted to protect its interests? How did this weaken ties with Mexico?

Answer 47

Wilson sent General John J. Pershing with an army of several thousand soldiers into Mexico to capture Villa. When Mexico demanded that the troops be withdrawn, Wilson refused. Still, both Wilson and Carranza resisted calls for war. After 11 months, Wilson ordered Pershing to withdraw without capturing Villa. The United States had again shown its willingness to use force to protect its interests. The incident strained relations with Mexico.

Question 48

Why did Wilson try to stay neutral regarding Mexico?

Answer 48

He hoped Mexico would develop a democratic government without involvement from the United States.

Question 49

What legislation did Roosevelt use as a reason for forcing Latin Americans to pay their debts to foreign nations?

Answer 49

Roosevelt Corollary

Question 50

Why did President Wilson send several thousand soldiers to Mexico in 1916?

Answer 50

Mexican General Pancho Villa killed 17 Americans on a train and 18 Americans in Columbus, New Mexico in an attempt to weaken U.S. relations with Mexico.

Question 51

How does the U.S. involvement in Latin America compare to that of the U.S. in the Pacific and Caribbean?

Answer 51

The involvement of the United States in world affairs in the Latin American arena differed from its involvement in the Pacific and Caribbean arena. In the Pacific and the Caribbean, there was a perception that American interests were threatened. The Spanish were accused of destroying the U.S.S. Maine. This led the United States into a war with Spain in the Caribbean. The United States became involved in the Pacific when other European powers attacked Samoan villages. In Latin America, U.S. involvement was more proactive. President Roosevelt offered to purchase the canal area, and when his offer was refused, he enabled the Panamanians to overthrow Colombian control.