U3L6 A Changing American Culture Flashcards
What are skyscrapers supported by?
Lightweight steel frames
Where was the first skyscraper built?
In Chicago
How many stories was the first skyscraper?
Nine stories
Why were skyscrapers built?
After the fires in downtown Chicago, builders tried out many ideas to rebuild the city.
When was the first skyscraper built?
1885
What did electric elevators do?
Carried residents and d workers to upper floors
I WOULD NOT TRUST THAT- I don’t even trust modern elevators ;-;
Why did skyscrapers cause trafficking?
Skyscrapers can crowd more people into smaller spaces.
Why fixed the trafficking problem?
Frank Sprague designed the first electrical streetcar system.
What are streetcars, how did the help the trafficking?
Streetcars, or trolleys, were fast, clean, and quiet.
Describe how trolleys make suburbs?
Many trolley lines ran from the center of a city to the outlying countryside, creating the first suburbs.
What is a suburb?
a residential area on or near the outskirts of a city.
Where was the first American subway built?
Boston, Massachusetts
How did subways and overhead railways help people?
They helped get to their job faster
Why was the Eads Bridge built?
To help people and goods get across water
What did the Brooklyn bridge connect?
Manhattan island and Brooklyn
Why were state parks made?
While cities grew up and out, some planners wanted to preserve open spaces. They believed that open land would calm busy city dwellers.
How planned Central Park?
Fredrick Law Olmsted
What did department stores do to Americans?
Department stores sold all kinds of goods in different sections or departments. As the American economy was able to produce more goods at cheaper prices, American consumers were better able to afford them. Americans were therefore both producers and consumers of goods and services, encouraging new department stores to open across the country.
What pastime did department stores introduce?
Shopping
During this time, what was the most popular sport in the U.S..?
Baseball
Where did organized baseball start? How did it spread?
Organized baseball was first played in New York. During the Civil War, New York soldiers showed other Union troops how to play.
How is early baseball different from today’s game?
Pitchers threw underhanded. Catchers caught the ball after one bounce. Fielders did not wear gloves. As a result, high scores were common. One championship baseball game ended with a score of 103 to 8!
Describe African Americans and baseball.
At first, African Americans played professional baseball. In time, though, the major leagues barred black players. In 1885, Frank Thompson organized a group of waiters into one of the first African American professional teams, the Cuban Giants of Long Island. They took the name “Cuban,” not because they were from Cuba, but in hopes that all-white teams might be willing to play them.
How was early football different from todays football?
Early football called for lots of muscle and little skill. On every play, the opposing teams crashed into each other like fighting rams. The quarterback ran or jumped over the tangle of bodies.
How was early football safety?
Players did not wear helmets and were often hurt. In 1908 alone, 33 college football players died from injuries. Some colleges banned the sport or drew up stricter rules of play for the game.
Who invented basketball?
James Naismith
Why did Naismith make basketball?
He wanted a sport that could be played indoors in winter.
…
(Naismith taught physical education at a YMCA in Springfield, Massachusetts)
Why was music important?
It brought people together
What was a vaudeville?
Vaudeville was a variety show that included comedians, song-and-dance routines, and acrobats
What did vaudevilles provide?
provided opportunities for people from many ethnic backgrounds
How did Edison’s phonograph affect the music industry?
People bought records to play on Edison’s phonograph, which encouraged musicians and record companies to produce more music.
Why did people socialize less often at work?
The rise of factories and use of technology caused people to socialize less at work.
What is compulsory education?
In the North, most states passed compulsory education laws that required children to attend school, usually through sixth grade.
Who were south school different from north schools?
In the South, which had no tradition of public schools, the Freedmen’s Bureau had built grade schools for both African American and white students. By 1900, most southern schools were segregated.
Why did Catholics open their own schools?
Catholics became worried that public schools stressed Protestant teachings
What type schools did Catholic open?
parochial, or church-sponsored, schools
What were the 3 R’s?
Pupils learned the “three Rs”: reading, ‘riting, and ‘rithmetic
What punishment was offered at early schools?
Punishment was swift and severe—a rap on the head for whispering or a paddling for arriving late.
What did early schools see discipline?
Schools emphasized discipline and obedience
…
Students had to sit upright in their seats, often with their hands folded in front of them
What did the Chicago Manual Training School provide?
It offered courses in “shop work,” such as electricity and carpentry, as well as in a few academic subjects.
What did the Chicago Manual Training School influence?
most public schools in the nation had programs to prepare students for jobs in business and in industry
Mah.
In 1874, a Methodist minister opened a summer school for Bible teachers along Lake Chautauqua in New York. The next year, the camp was opened to the general public. Mostly middle-class men and women of all ages gathered at Chautauqua each summer. In addition to receiving spiritual guidance, they enjoyed lectures about art, politics, philosophy, and other subjects. In 1903, the Chautauqua Society began to send out traveling companies. Before long, Chautauquas were reaching as many as 5 million people in 10,000 American towns every year.
What contributed to the increase of newspapers?
The growth of cities
How was news spread in towns/villages compared to that in cities?
In towns and villages, neighbors shared news face to face. In the crowded and busy cities, people needed newspapers to stay informed.
How did many immigrants learn how to read English?
By reading the daily newspaper
What was special about the world newspaper?
Joseph Pulitzer, a Hungarian immigrant, created the first modern, mass-circulation newspaper. In 1883, Pulitzer bought the New York “World”
What did Pulitzer want to make the world
Lively and truly democratic
How did Pulitzer win readers?
Added prices and added comic stripes
What was usually on the front page of Pulitzer’s newspapers?
crimes and political scandals
How did Hearst’s newspaper, Journal, try to compete with Pulitzer?
He made his newspapers about scandals and gossip
What did readers think of World and Journal newspapers?
Critics complained that the papers offered less news and more scandal every day
What was the yellow journalism?
the sensational reporting style of the World and the Journal
How did newspapers compete for woman newspapers?
They added special sections on fashion, social events, health, homemaking, and family matters.
True or False.
Newspapers often fought for women rights.
False
What did Nellie Bly do to push reform?
Nellie Bly of the World pretended to be insane in order to find out about treatment of the mentally ill. Her articles about cruelty in mental hospitals led to reforms.
What were fine novels
thrilling adventure stories, they were often low-priced
Why did parents not like dime novels?
They were too dark.
What did Horatio Alger write?
Dime novels for kids. They were often about poor boys who became rich and respected through hard work, luck, and honesty. “Rags-to-riches” stories offered the hope that even the poorest person could succeed in the United States.
What did realist writers write about?
They tried to show the harsh side of life as it was.
What was Stephen Crane known for?
His Civil War novel, The Red Badge of Courage
What was Kate Chopin known for?
Chopin’s stories showed women breaking out of traditional roles.
Who was the first African American to make a living as a writer?
Paul Laurence Dunbar
Who was the most famous author of this time period?
Mark Twain
What did Twain do to make his stories more realistic?
Local color
What is local color?
Local color refers to the speech and habits of a particular region.
In Huckleberry Finn, how did Twain address serious issues?
Comedy
What was Huckleberry Finn about?
Huck, a country boy, and Jim, an escaped slave, raft down the Mississippi River together in the days before the Civil War. Huck comes to respect Jim and to view slavery as wrong. Here, Huck talks about Jim’s love for his family.
Why didn’t some schools and libraries refuse to buy Huckleberry Finn?
They claimed that Huck was a crude character who would have a bad influence on “our pure-minded lads and lasses.”
During the Civil War, what did Winslow Homer draw?
Brutal battles for magazines
How did Thomas Eakins learn anatomy?
Thomas Eakins learned anatomy and dissected dead bodies
How did public and parochial schools differ?
Public schools were run by the state, whereas parochial schools were church-sponsored.
Explain how newspapers and dime novels related to American values of the time.
Dime novels told exciting stories about the “Wild West,” which mirrored the adventure associated with the westward expansion of the 1800s. They also offered stories about poor people who became rich through hard work, which reflected the ideals of the time. Newspapers aimed to become more democratic to attract a mass circulation, and they exposed realities about scandals and corruption that existed in society.
What kinds of stories appeared in yellow journalism?
gossip, crime stories, and scandal
