Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MT2 > TUMOR MARKERS > Flashcards

TUMOR MARKERS Flashcards

1
Q

substance being produced by the cell

A

Tumor Markers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

when an organ is undergoing cancerous growth it is a __________

A

Tumor Markers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

uncontrolled proliferation of cells.

A

Tumor or Neoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

a tumor that is confined or encapsulated (will not proliferate)

A

Benign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

example of Benign

A

adenoma (with the exception of melanoma)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

a tumor that is capable of metastasis (invades other organs of the body)

A

Malignant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

malignant tumor examples

A

Carcinoma and Sarcoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

a malignant tumor that is epithelial in origin or nature

A

Carcinoma (e.g adenocarcinoma)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

a malignant tumor that is mesenchymal in origin or nature

A

Sarcoma (e.g Osteosarcoma)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Roles of tumor markers

A
  • Determine risk (PSA) – elevated level of PSA is screening clue that the patient is at risk of having cancer of the prostate.
  • Screen for early cancer (calcitonin, occult blood)
  • Diagnose a type of cancer (hCG, catecholamines)
  • Estimate prognosis (CA125)
  • Predict response to therapy (CA15-3. CA125, PSA. hCG)
  • Monitor for disease recurrence or progression (most widely used function)
  • Therapeutic selection (her2/neu, kras)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

characteristics of an ideal tumor marker

A
  • Specificity for a single type of cancer.
  • High sensitivity and specificity for cancerous growth.
  • Correlation of marker level with tumor size.
  • Homogenous (i.e. minimal post-translational modifications)
  • Short half-life in circulation so that when production drops, the level of marker falls off rapidly, producing low or undetectable concentration.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

TYPE OF TUMOR MARKER: hormones

A

hCG ; calcitonin ; gastrin ; prolactin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

TYPE OF TUMOR MARKER: enzymes

A

acid phosphatase ; alkaline phosphatase ; PSA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

TYPE OF TUMOR MARKER: cancer antigen proteins and glycoproteins

A

CA125 ; CA 15.3; CA 19.9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

TYPE OF TUMOR MARKER: metabolites

A

Norepinephrine, Epinephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

TYPE OF TUMOR MARKER: normal proteins

A

Immunoglobulin, Glycoproteins, Carcinoembryonic or Oncofetal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

TYPE OF TUMOR MARKER: oncofetal antigens

A

CEA, AFP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

TYPE OF TUMOR MARKER: receptors

A

Estrogen, Progesterone, Androgen and Corticosteroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

TYPE OF TUMOR MARKER: genetic changes

A

Mutations, Translations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

WHAT CANCER..

Markers: CA15.3, BR 27.29

A

Breast Cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

WHAT CANCER..

Markers: CEA, CA 19-9

A

Colorectal Cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

WHAT CANCER..

Markers: CA 72.4, CA 19-9, CEA

A

Gastric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

WHAT CANCER..

Markers: NSE, CYFA 21.1

A

Lung

24
Q

WHAT CANCER..

Markers: PSA, PAP

A

Prostate

25
Q

WHAT CANCER..

Markers: CA 125

A

Ovarian

26
Q

WHAT CANCER..

Markers: Calcitonin, Thyroglobulin

A

Thyroid

27
Q

WHAT CANCER..

Markers: hCG

A

Trophoblastic

28
Q

WHAT CANCER..

Markers: CA 19-9, CEA

A

Pancreatic

29
Q

WHAT CANCER..

Markers: AFP, CA 19-1

A

Hepatocellular

30
Q

WHAT CANCER..

Markers: BAP, Osteocalcin, NTx

A

Bone

31
Q

WHAT CANCER..

Markers: Catecholamines, metabolites

A

Pheochromocytoma

32
Q

WHAT CANCER..

Markers: Fecal occult blood

A

Colon Cancer

33
Q

oncogenes..

N-ras and K-ras

A

Leukemia ; Colon/Gastric

34
Q

oncogenes..

C-erB-2 and N-myc

A

Breast/Gastric and Breast/Neuro

35
Q

oncogenes..

c-abl/bcr and Bcl-2

A

CML ; Leukemia/Lymph

36
Q

oncogenes..

HER-2/INT2/ATM/H-ras and MCC

A

Breast ; Colon

37
Q

tumor suppressors..

P53 and RB1

A

Breast/Colon/Lung ; Retinoblastoma

38
Q

tumor suppressors..

WT1&2 and BRCA1&2

A

Renal ; Breast/Pancreatic/Ovarian

39
Q

tumor suppressors..

BRCA1 and APC

A

Prostate/Stomach ; Colorectal

40
Q

tumor suppressors..

MTSI and DCC

A

Melanoma ; Colon/Gastric

41
Q

what drug and cancer for this biomarker cancer..

Her2.neu or Her2/neu

A

D: Trastuzumab
C: Breast Cancer

42
Q

what drug and cancer for this biomarker cancer..

KRAS

A

D: Cetuximab, Panitumumab
C: Colorectal

43
Q

what drug and cancer for this biomarker cancer..

BRAF

A

D: Vemurafenib
C: Melanoma

44
Q

what drug and cancer for this biomarker cancer..

ALK Fusion

A

D: Crizotinib
C: Non-small cell lung ca.

45
Q

what drug and cancer for this biomarker cancer..

EGFR

A

D: Gefitinib, Erlotinib
C: Non-small cell lung ca.

46
Q

what drug and cancer for this biomarker cancer..

BCL-ABL Translocation

A

D: Imatinib, dasatinib, Nilotinib
C: Chronic myeloid, Leukemia

47
Q

RT PCR FOR CIRCULATING TUMOR CELLS..

Prostate Cancer

A

PSA, PSMA

48
Q

RT PCR FOR CIRCULATING TUMOR CELLS.

Breast Cancer

A

Cytokeratin 19, CEA, MUC1, hMAM

49
Q

RT PCR FOR CIRCULATING TUMOR CELLS.

Melanoma

A

Tyrosinase, MART1, MAGE3, GAGE

50
Q

o Grow as benign tumor cells break through the basement membrane.
o Travel through the blood.
o Adhere to capillary wall.
o Escape from blood vessel (extravasation).
o Proliferate to form metastases.

A

Metastatic Cascade cells

51
Q

WHAT CANCER..

Associated Gene: BRCA1, BRCA2
Inheritance Mode: Dominant

A

Breast and Ovarian Cancer

52
Q

WHAT CANCER..

Associated Gene: WTI
Inheritance Mode: Dominant

A

Wilm’s Tumor

53
Q

WHAT CANCER..

Associated Gene: RB1
Inheritance Mode: Dominant

A

Familiar Retinoblastoma

54
Q

WHAT CANCER..

Associated Gene: Huntingtin
Inheritance Mode: Dominant

A

Huntington’s Disease

55
Q

WHAT CANCER..

Associated Gene: MLH1, MSH2,6, PMS1,2
Inheritance Mode: Recessive

A

Hereditary Colorectal Cancer

56
Q

WHAT CANCER..

Associated Gene: Xeroderma pigmentosum XPB, XPD, XPA
Inheritance Mode: Recessive

A

Skin Cancer

MT2 (45 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions