IS FUNGAL INFECTIONS AND THEIR SEROLOGICAL TESTS Flashcards
causative agent of histoplasmosis
Histoplasma capsulatum
- Inhalation of spore-laden dust
- Invade the cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system
Histoplasmosis
Histoplasmosis
immunodiffusion technique
- H and M bands appearing together indicate ______
- ____ is present, it indicates early infection, chronic infection, or a recent reactive skin test
- _____ appears later than the M band and disappears earlier (suggests regression of the infection)
active infection ; M band ; H band
HISTOPLASMOSIS..
- Histoplasmin skin test
- ___________: cross reacts with aspergillosis, blastomycosis, or coccidioidomycosis
complement fixation (CF) tests
causative agent of aspergillosis
Aspergillus fumigatus
_________ aspergillosis; usually secondary to another disease
- Aspergilloma (______)
Allergic bronchopulmonary ; fungus ball
ASPERGILLOSIS..
Immunodiffusion antibody test with reference antisera and known antigen: for the identification of _______
- measures IgG
Aspergillus spp
ASPERGILLOSIS..
______: detect IgE and IgG antibodies
- detect _________ antigen in serum
enzyme immunoassay (EIA) ; Aspergillus galactomannan
ASPERGILLOSIS..
______: newer method; to detect ______ IgE in serum
ImmunoCAP ; Aspergillus niger
ASPERGILLOSIS..
to detect invasive fungal infections:
measuring β-D-glucan (BDG) in serum
known as desert fever, San Joaquin fever, or valley fever.
Coccidioidomycosis
Coccidioidomycosis causative agent
Coccidioides immitis
Coccidioidomycosis Transmission: inhalation of soil or dust containing the ______
arthrospores
Coccidioidomycosis Forms: _____, ______ and ______
primary pulmonary,
primary cutaneous, and
disseminated.
screening for C. immitis:
Hypersensitivity testing using intradermal injections
Coccidioidomycosis..
________: rapid and specific identification of fungal structures
fluorescent antibody (FA) test
Coccidioidomycosis..
serologic tests used to confirm the diagnosis:
tube precipitin test,
immunodiffusion,
complement fixation (CF), and
latex agglutination
Coccidioidomycosis..
____: most widely used quantitative serodiagnostic test
- Detecting disseminated disease
CF test
Coccidioidomycosis..
_______: used as a screening test, but the results should be confirmed by CF
Immunodiffusion
Coccidioidomycosis..
_______: not usually a recommended method
- lacks specificity, which leads to many false-positive results
Latex agglutination
chronic fungal disease that is usually secondary to pulmonary involvement
Blastomycosis
Blastomycosis causative agent
Blastomyces dermatitidis
Causes tumors in the skin or lesions in the lungs, bones, subcutaneous tissues, liver, spleen, and kidneys
Blastomycosis
Blastomycosis..
______ and ______ are used
- ________ is considered the better method
immunodiffusion and CF ; immunodiffusion
chronic, progressive, subcutaneous lymphatic mycosis
Sporotrichosis
Sporotrichosis causative agent
Sporothrix schenckii
Sporotrichosis three forms— ______ (which is the most common), _______, and _________
lymphatic, disseminated and respiratory
characterized by a sporotrichotic chancre at the site of inoculation, followed by the development and formation of subcutaneous nodules along the lymphatics draining the primary lesion
Sporotrichosis
Sporotrichosis associated with injuries caused by _____ or ______
thorns or splinters
In Sporotrichosis, handlers of peat moss are particularly susceptible especially when working in _______
rose gardens
In Sporotrichosis, most sensitive tests are ______ and ______
yeast cell and latex agglutination
causative agent of Cryptococcosis which is saprobe in nature
Cryptococcus neoformans
In cryptococcosis..
______: chief vector
Transmission: ______
Infected pigeons ; Inhalation
serious in immunocompromised or debilitated patients
Cryptococcosis
Cryptococcosis..
_______ detects antibodies to C. neoformans
positive test suggests a present or recent infection
indirect FA test
Cryptococcosis..
_______: most specific antibody detection test but is very insensitive
Complement fixation
Cryptococcosis..
________ tests can be performed on serum or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Latex agglutination antigen
Cryptococcosis..
simple and rapid latex agglutination test
Latex-Cryptococcus Antigen Detection System
Cryptococcosis..
In Latex-Cryptococcus Antigen Detection System, qualitative or semiquantitative detection of the capsular polysaccharide antigens of Cryptococcus neoformans in _____ and _____
serum and CSF
Cryptococcosis..
In Latex-Cryptococcus Antigen Detection System, anticryptococcal antibody–coated latex particles will agglutinate with specimens containing __________ antigens
cryptococcal capsular polysaccharide
(candida) leading cause of human infections
Candida albicans
Candida is associated with
diaper rash, vaginitis and urinary tract infections in the female, and thrush (oral candidiasis)
Candida…
detection of ______ and _________ antibodies for the specific identification of Candida species in serum samples
mannan and anti-mannan
Candida…
_____________ for identification of Candida species in blood cultures
Peptide nucleic acid fluorescence in situ hybridization (PNA-FISH)
