IS FUNGAL INFECTIONS AND THEIR SEROLOGICAL TESTS

Question 1

causative agent of histoplasmosis

Answer 1

Histoplasma capsulatum

Question 2

• Inhalation of spore-laden dust
• Invade the cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system

Answer 2

Histoplasmosis

Question 3

Histoplasmosis

immunodiffusion technique
- H and M bands appearing together indicate ______
- ____ is present, it indicates early infection, chronic infection, or a recent reactive skin test
- _____ appears later than the M band and disappears earlier (suggests regression of the infection)

Answer 3

active infection ; M band ; H band

Question 4

HISTOPLASMOSIS..

• Histoplasmin skin test
• ___________: cross reacts with aspergillosis, blastomycosis, or coccidioidomycosis

Answer 4

complement fixation (CF) tests

Question 5

causative agent of aspergillosis

Answer 5

Aspergillus fumigatus

Question 6

_________ aspergillosis; usually secondary to another disease

• Aspergilloma (______)

Answer 6

Allergic bronchopulmonary ; fungus ball

Question 7

ASPERGILLOSIS..

Immunodiffusion antibody test with reference antisera and known antigen: for the identification of _______
- measures IgG

Answer 7

Aspergillus spp

Question 8

ASPERGILLOSIS..

______: detect IgE and IgG antibodies

• detect _________ antigen in serum

Answer 8

enzyme immunoassay (EIA) ; Aspergillus galactomannan

Question 9

ASPERGILLOSIS..

______: newer method; to detect ______ IgE in serum

Answer 9

ImmunoCAP ; Aspergillus niger

Question 10

ASPERGILLOSIS..

to detect invasive fungal infections:

Answer 10

measuring β-D-glucan (BDG) in serum

Question 11

known as desert fever, San Joaquin fever, or valley fever.

Answer 11

Coccidioidomycosis

Question 12

Coccidioidomycosis causative agent

Answer 12

Coccidioides immitis

Question 13

Coccidioidomycosis Transmission: inhalation of soil or dust containing the ______

Answer 13

arthrospores

Question 14

Coccidioidomycosis Forms: _____, ______ and ______

Answer 14

primary pulmonary,
primary cutaneous, and
disseminated.

Question 15

screening for C. immitis:

Answer 15

Hypersensitivity testing using intradermal injections

Question 16

Coccidioidomycosis..

________: rapid and specific identification of fungal structures

Answer 16

fluorescent antibody (FA) test

Question 17

Coccidioidomycosis..

serologic tests used to confirm the diagnosis:

Answer 17

tube precipitin test,
immunodiffusion,
complement fixation (CF), and
latex agglutination

Question 18

Coccidioidomycosis..

____: most widely used quantitative serodiagnostic test
- Detecting disseminated disease

Answer 18

CF test

Question 19

Coccidioidomycosis..

_______: used as a screening test, but the results should be confirmed by CF

Answer 19

Immunodiffusion

Question 20

Coccidioidomycosis..

_______: not usually a recommended method
- lacks specificity, which leads to many false-positive results

Answer 20

Latex agglutination

Question 21

chronic fungal disease that is usually secondary to pulmonary involvement

Answer 21

Blastomycosis

Question 22

Blastomycosis causative agent

Answer 22

Blastomyces dermatitidis

Question 23

Causes tumors in the skin or lesions in the lungs, bones, subcutaneous tissues, liver, spleen, and kidneys

Answer 23

Blastomycosis

Question 24

Blastomycosis..

______ and ______ are used
- ________ is considered the better method

Answer 24

immunodiffusion and CF ; immunodiffusion

Question 25

chronic, progressive, subcutaneous lymphatic mycosis

Answer 25

Sporotrichosis

Question 26

Sporotrichosis causative agent

Answer 26

Sporothrix schenckii

Question 27

Sporotrichosis three forms— ______ (which is the most common), _______, and _________

Answer 27

lymphatic, disseminated and respiratory

Question 28

characterized by a sporotrichotic chancre at the site of inoculation, followed by the development and formation of subcutaneous nodules along the lymphatics draining the primary lesion

Answer 28

Sporotrichosis

Question 29

Sporotrichosis associated with injuries caused by _____ or ______

Answer 29

thorns or splinters

Question 30

In Sporotrichosis, handlers of peat moss are particularly susceptible especially when working in _______

Answer 30

rose gardens

Question 31

In Sporotrichosis, most sensitive tests are ______ and ______

Answer 31

yeast cell and latex agglutination

Question 32

causative agent of Cryptococcosis which is saprobe in nature

Answer 32

Cryptococcus neoformans

Question 33

In cryptococcosis..

______: chief vector
Transmission: ______

Answer 33

Infected pigeons ; Inhalation

Question 34

serious in immunocompromised or debilitated patients

Answer 34

Cryptococcosis

Question 35

Cryptococcosis..

_______ detects antibodies to C. neoformans
positive test suggests a present or recent infection

Answer 35

indirect FA test

Question 36

Cryptococcosis..

_______: most specific antibody detection test but is very insensitive

Answer 36

Complement fixation

Question 37

Cryptococcosis..

________ tests can be performed on serum or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Answer 37

Latex agglutination antigen

Question 38

Cryptococcosis..

simple and rapid latex agglutination test

Answer 38

Latex-Cryptococcus Antigen Detection System

Question 39

Cryptococcosis..

In Latex-Cryptococcus Antigen Detection System, qualitative or semiquantitative detection of the capsular polysaccharide antigens of Cryptococcus neoformans in _____ and _____

Answer 39

serum and CSF

Question 40

Cryptococcosis..

In Latex-Cryptococcus Antigen Detection System, anticryptococcal antibody–coated latex particles will agglutinate with specimens containing __________ antigens

Answer 40

cryptococcal capsular polysaccharide

Question 41

(candida) leading cause of human infections

Answer 41

Candida albicans

Question 42

Candida is associated with

Answer 42

diaper rash, vaginitis and urinary tract infections in the female, and thrush (oral candidiasis)

Question 43

Candida…

detection of ______ and _________ antibodies for the specific identification of Candida species in serum samples

Answer 43

mannan and anti-mannan

Question 44

Candida…

_____________ for identification of Candida species in blood cultures

Answer 44

Peptide nucleic acid fluorescence in situ hybridization (PNA-FISH)