SUPERFICIAL MYCOSES - maam t (part 2)

Question 1

occur almost exclusively in debilitated patients whose normal defense mechanisms are impaired.

Answer 1

Opportunistic Systemic Mycoses

Question 2

risk factors for opportunistic fungal infection

Answer 2

• Neutropenia <500 neutrophils/ml for more than 10 days
• Hematological malignancies
• Bone Marrow Transplantation
• Prolonged (>4 wks) treatment with corticosteroids
• Prolonged (>7 days) stays in intensive caree
• Chemotherapy
• HIV infection

Question 3

most common opportunistic yeast infection in the world

Answer 3

Candidiasis

Question 4

• similar to F. pedrosoi but with more compact conidial heads
• conidia are subglobose

Answer 4

Fonsecaea compactum

Question 5

• conidiophores erect, dark, leaving conidia only on upper portion
• conidia elliptic, one-celled, produced sympodially

Answer 5

Rhinocladiella aquaspersa

Question 6

• erect conidiophores bearing branched chains of one-celled brown blastoconidia
• conidium close to tip of conidiophore, termed “shield cell”

Answer 6

cladophialophora carrionii

Question 7

infection of subcutaneous tissue arising at the site of incoulation

Answer 7

mycetoma

Question 8

mycetoma caused by bacteria

Answer 8

Actinomycotic mycetomas

Question 9

mycetoma caused by fungal agents

Answer 9

Eumycotic mycetoma

Question 10

hyaline, septate, filamentous mold

Answer 10

Acremonium falciforme/Fusarium falciforme

Question 11

madurella specie that grows best at 37 degree celsius with slower growth

Answer 11

madurella mycetomatis

Question 12

madurella specie that grows best at 40 degree celsisus and only hyphae has been observed and the optimal temperature is 30 degree celsius

Answer 12

Madurella grisea

Question 13

mycotic disease caused by darkly pigmented fungi

Answer 13

subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis

Question 14

conidia are borne from annelids

Answer 14

exophiala species

Question 15

forms conidia at the tips of phialides

Answer 15

Exophiala dermatitidis

Question 16

• delicate hyaline, septate hyphae
• arrange laterally along hyphae or in daisy-like cluster

Answer 16

mold (sporothrix schenkii)

Question 17

• oval or elliptical in shape
• cigar-shaped forms

Answer 17

yeast (sporothrix schenkii)

Question 18

fungal disease of the keratinized tissue of humans and other animals

Answer 18

dermatomycoses
dermatophytoses

Question 19

symptoms of cutaneous disease

Answer 19

itching, scaling, ring-like patches, brittle, broken hairs, thick discolored nails

Question 20

inhabit the skin and produce numerous conidia

Answer 20

Geophilic

Question 21

adapted to live in animals; fewer conidia

Answer 21

zoophilic

Question 22

adapted exclusively to human hosts; only few conidia

Answer 22

anthropophilic

Question 23

tricophyton specieis

Answer 23

T. rubrum
T. tonsurans
T. schoenleinii
T. mentagrophytes
T. verrucosum
T. violaceum

Question 24

common cause of food and nail infection

Answer 24

Trichophyton

Question 25

Trichophyton colony

Answer 25

Mycelia - cream, brown, granular to wrinkled

Question 26

Trichophyton microscopic features

Answer 26

microconidia - oval, pyriform; attached singly, some in clusters; hyaline septate hyphae

Question 27

• white downy to pink granular
• yellow when colony is young; red when old culture

Answer 27

Tricophyton rubrum

Question 28

Tricophyton rubrum microscopic feature

Answer 28

microconidia usually teardrop shaped

Question 29

Tricophyton rubrum disease

Answer 29

Tinea pedis, Tinea coporis

Question 30

• white, tan to yello or rust, suede-like to powdery

Answer 30

Tricophyton tonsurans

Question 31

Tricophyton tonsurans microconidia

Answer 31

teardrop or club-shaped with flat bottoms

Question 32

Tricophyton tonsurans disease

Answer 32

Ringworm

Question 33

• smooth, white to creamy colony
• white

Answer 33

Tricophyton schoenleinii

Question 34

Tricophyton schoenleinii microscopy

Answer 34

hyphae - favic chandeliers

Question 35

Tricophyton schoenleinii disease

Answer 35

favus or tinea favosa

Question 36

• white, granular and fluffy
• light-yellow periphery in younger cultures

Answer 36

Tricophyton mentagrophytes

Question 37

Tricophyton mentagrophytes microscopy

Answer 37

many round to globose microconidia