safety in the IS lab Flashcards
caused by carelessness or lack of proper communication
Accidents
ensure safe and healthful working conditions for every worker (Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970)
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
deal with many aspects of safety and health protection, including compliance arrangements, inspection procedures, penalties for noncompliance, complaint procedures, duties and responsibilities for administration and operation of the system, and how the standards are set.
OSHA
describes hazards, safe handling, storage, and disposal of hazardous chemicals
material safety data sheet (MSDS)
introduced the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN)
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC):
Integrates a number of surveillance systems and provides data on devices, patients, and staff
CDC
Reduce the risk of inadvertent contamination with blood or body fluids
General Safety Practices
General Safety Practices..
Must wear ________
laboratory coats
GSP…
_____ should not be consumed in work areas or stored in the same area as specimens
Food and drinks
GSP…
Containers, refrigerators, or freezers used for specimens: marked as containing a _______
biohazard
GSP..
Specimens needing centrifugation are capped and placed into a ______ with a sealed dome.
Centrifuge
GSP…
A _______ is used when opening rubber-stoppered test tubes to minimize aerosol production (introduction of substances into the air)
GAUZE SQUARE
GSP…
Pipetting of any clinical material by mouth is strictly forbidden. ______ OR ________ are used
Autodilutors or safety bulbs
all human blood and other body fluids are treated as potentially infectious for HBV, HIV and other blood-borne microorganisms
(CDC) Standard Precautions
HBV may be stable in dried blood and blood products at ______ for up to ____.
25° C ; 7 days
____ retains infectivity for more than 3 days in _____ specimens at room temperature; more than 1 week in an __________ at room temperature.
HIV ; dried ; aqueous environment
potential for transmission in the occupational setting is greater for ____ than ____
HBV than HIV
PROTECTIVE TECHNIQUES FOR INFECTION CONTROL
- gloves
- facial barrier protection and occlusive bandages
- lab coats or gowns
________ for procedures involving contact with normally sterile areas of the body or during procedures in which sterility has been established and must be maintained changed between each patient contact
sterile gloves
used if there is a potential for splashing or spraying of blood or certain body fluids
exposed skin
Facial Barrier Protection and Occlusive Bandages
reducing the transmission of microorganisms
handwashing
in handwashing..
washed with ______ (if visibly soiled) or by ______ with an alcohol-based handrub (if not visibly soiled)
soap and water ; hand antisepsis
in handwashing…
If accidental contamination occurs to an exposed area of the skin or because of a break in gloves, wash first with a liquid soap, rinse well with water, and then apply a _________- or _______ (left on skin for at least 1 minute) before final washing with liquid soap and water
1:10 dilution of bleach ; 50% alcohol
handwashing must be performed on:
- After completing laboratory work and before leaving the laboratory
- After removing gloves
- Before eating, drinking, applying makeup, and changing contact lenses, and before and after using the bathroom
- Before all activities that involve hand contact with mucous membranes or breaks in the skin
- Immediately after accidental skin contact with blood, body fluids, or tissues
When using _______, apply product to the palm of one hand and rub hands together, covering all surfaces of hands and fingers, until hands are dry
antiseptic agent (e.g., alcohol-based handrub)
If an adequate volume of an alcohol-based handrub is used, it should take ______ for hands to dry.
15 to 25 seconds
When washing with soap….
wet hands first with warm water, apply 3 to 5 mL of detergent to hands, and rub hands together vigorously for at least 15 seconds, covering all surfaces of the hands and fingers. Rinse hands with warm water and dry thoroughly with a disposable towel. Use the towel to turn off the faucet.
In specimen-processing protection..
specimen is transported to the lab in _____ bags
plastic leakproof bags
In specimen-processing protection..
substances can become airborne
topper (cap) is popped off a blood-collecting container, a serum sample is poured from one tube to another, or a serum tube is centrifuged
In specimen-processing protection..
When specimens are being centrifuged, the_____ should always be kept on the tubes
tube caps
in DECONTAMINATION OF WORK SURFACES, EQUIPMENT, AND SPILLS..
all work surfaces should be cleaned and sanitized at the beginning and end of the shift with a 1:10 dilution of household bleach
sodium hypochlorite
sodium hypochlorite is (prepared daily) inactivates HBV in ____ and HIV in ___
10 minutes ; 2 minutes
DECONTAMINATION OF WORK SURFACES, EQUIPMENT, AND SPILLS..
for managing blood spills:
- Absorb the blood with disposable towels
disposable towels
DECONTAMINATION OF WORK SURFACES, EQUIPMENT, AND SPILLS..
for managing blood spills:
- Absorb the blood with disposable towels
disposable towels
DECONTAMINATION OF WORK SURFACES, EQUIPMENT, AND SPILLS..
for managing blood spills:
- Using a __________ solution, clean the
spill site of all ________.
diluted bleach (1:10) ; visible blood
DECONTAMINATION OF WORK SURFACES, EQUIPMENT, AND SPILLS..
for managing blood spills:
- Wipe down the spill site with paper towels soaked
with ____
diluted bleach
________ equipment: soaking overnight in a dilute (1:10) bleach solution and rinsing with methyl alcohol and water before reuse
nondisposable eqioment
Disposable glassware or supplies that have come into contact with blood: ______ or _______
autoclaved or incinerated
blood and blood products, contaminated sharps, pathologic wastes, and microbiological wastes
infectious waste
proper biohazard containers with the following features:
- Conspicuously marked “Biohazard” with the universal biohazard symbol
- Universal color—orange, orange and black, or red
_________ containers: for the disposal of sharps and broken glassware
rigid impermeable
disposal of most infectious waste materials
plastic bags
Final Decontamination of Waste Materials
incineration; autoclaving: an alternate method
- Important for maintenance of immune status of HCW
- risk for exposure to and possible transmission of diseases that can be prevented by immunizations
- may be considered after an injury or exposure incident or for immunocompromised or older health care workers
Immunization
- If recently exposed: one may not yield positive
- 2nd skin test after 10-12 wk after last exposure
- Strongly positive reactors (diameter > 15 mm) and symptoms suggestive of TB
PPD Tuberculin Skin Test
blood test used to detect infection with M. Tb
QuantiFERON-TB Gold
Vaccination is necessary for the ff if ____ aren’t demonstrable: ____ ; ____
Abs ; Rubella; HBV
mainstay of _____________ Hep B exposure is Hepatitis B vaccine
Postexposure Prophylaxis (PEP)
in Postexposure Prophylaxis (PEP)…
After skin or mucosal exposure to blood: If not vaccinated: __________ administered within 24 hrs
hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG),
in Postexposure Prophylaxis (PEP)…
To ensure that the vaccination has been successful for needlestick exposures: test for ________/______
HBsAg antibody/ anti-HBsAg
in Postexposure Prophylaxis (PEP)…
__________: Immune globulin and antiviral agents are not recommended
Hepatitis C Virus Exposure:
After exposure to the blood of a patient infected or suspected of being infected with HCV, _________ should be given as soon as possible
immune globulin
For most HIV exposures that warrant PEP, a basic ______, ________ drug is recommended
4-week ; two-drug regimen
and Increased risk: ________
3-drug regimen
used to detect antibodies to HIV
enzyme immunoassay (EIA) screening test:
Confirmatory test:
Western blot (WB)
exposed worker should be tested for HIV antibodies within _____:
- initially seronegative for the HIV antibody should be tested again _______ after exposure
- If this test is negative, the worker should be tested again at _______ and _____ after exposure
48 hours ; 6 weeks ; 12 weeks and 6 months
