subcutaneous mycoses Flashcards
Although some are moniliaceous, many are phaeoid
Hyphomycetes
Are fungal diseases that affect subcutaneous tissue
Hyphomycetes
The result of the traumatic implantation of foreign objects into the deep layers of the skin
Hyphomycetes
The causative agents of subcutaneous mycoses are commonly found in ______ or on _______; therefore, agricultural workers are most often affected.
soil ; decaying vegetation
Infections are commonly _____ and usually incite the development of lesions at the site of _____.
chronic ; trauma
Caused by several infectious agents: Fonsecaea compacta, F. pedrosoi, Phialophora verrucose, Cladophialophora carrionii, and Rhinocladiella aquaspersa
Chromoblastomycosis
Chromoblastomycosis is also known as
verrucous dermatitidis and chromomycosis
A chronic mycosis of the skin and subcutaneous tissue that develops over a period of months or years
Chromoblastomycosis (clin. manifestation)
Chromoblastomycosis Mostly asymptomatic in the absence of secondary complications (_____, _____, ____)
bacterial infections, carcinomatous degeneration, and elephantiasis
- Usually confined to the extremities, often the feet and lower legs, and are a result of trauma to these areas
- Frequently appear as verrucous nodules that may become ulcerated and crusted
Lesions (clin. manifestation of chromoblastomycosis)
Longstanding lesions: _______ surface
cauliflower-like
- Are nonbudding structures occurring singly or in clusters
- Reproduce by dividing in various planes, resulting in multicellular forms
Brown, round sclerotic bodies
Presence of _______ is diagnostic for this disease
sclerotic bodies
Occasionally _________ are also seen.
short hyphal elements
- Conidiogenous cells, phaeoid, flask-shaped phialides, with collarettes.
- Conidia is oval, one-celled, occur in balls at tips of phialides
Phialophora verrucosa
- Primary one-celled conidia formed on sympodial conidiophores
- Primary conidia function as conidiogenous cells to form secondary one-celled conidia
- Some conidia are similar to those seen in Cladosporium sp., some are similar to those in Rhinocladiella sp.
Fonsecaea pedrosoi
- Similar to F. pedrosoi but with more compact conidial heads
- Conidia are subglobose rather than ovoid
Fonsecaea compactum
- Conidiophores erect, dark, bearing conidia only on upper portion of the tip
- Conidia elliptic, one-celled, produced sympodially
Rhinocladiella aquaspersa
- Erect conidiophores bearing branched chains of one-celled, brown blastoconidia
- Conidium close to tip of conidiophore, termed shield cell
- Fragile chains
Cladophialophora carrionii
an infection of the subcutaneous tissues that arises at the site of inoculation
Mycetoma
mycetoma caused by bacteria
Actinomycotic mycetomas
mycetoma caused by fungal agents
Eumycotic mycetomas
Eumycotic mycetoma agents
- Pseudallescheria boydii
- Acremonium falciforme/ Fusarium falciforme
- Madurella spp.
Eumycotic mycetoma agent that produces annellides
Pseudallescheria boydii
Eumycotic mycetoma agent that produces annellides
Pseudallescheria boydii
Eumycotic mycetoma agent that This isolate is a hyaline, septate, filamentous mold
Acremonium falciforme/ Fusarium falciforme
madurella spp that grows best at 37°C, with slower growth at 40°C
M. mycetomatis
madurella spp that only sterile hyphae are observed; optimal growth temperature is 30°C
M. grisea
Mycotic disease caused by darkly pigmented fungi
Subcutaneous Phaeohyphomycosis
Fungin associated with Subcutaneous Phaeohyphomycosis
Exophiala spp
E. dermatitidis
conidia are borne from annelids
Exophiala spp
forms conidia at the tips of phialides
E. dermatitidis
chronic infection characterized by nodular and ulcerative lesions
Lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis
rare condition; commonly recovered from the soil
Mucocutaneous sporotrichosis
less commonly seen disease; infection is confined to the site of inoculation
Fixed cutaneous sporotrichosis
sporothrix mold
- Delicate hyaline, septate hyphae
- Arrange laterally along hyphae or in daisy-like cluster
sporothrix yeast
- Oval or elliptical in shape
- Cigar-shaped forms
