Antigens and Immunogens, Immunoglobulins and Complement System

Question 1

It is a substance that stimulates antibody formation and has the ability to bind to an antibody or a T lymphocyte antigen receptor.

Answer 1

Antigens

Question 2

a macromolecules capable of triggering an adaptive immune response by inducing the formation of antibodies or sensitized T cells in an immunocompetent host.

Answer 2

Immunogens

Question 3

a substance that causes detectable immune response.

Answer 3

immunogens

Question 4

CHARACTERISTICS OF IMMUNOGEN TO STIMULATE A HOST RESPONSE

Answer 4

Macromolecular Size: greater than 10,000 daltons

Chemical Composition: Protein and Polysaccharides proteins

Foreignness: Nonself

Ability to be processed and presented with MHC molecules.

Question 5

A part of antigen, reacts specifically with an antibody or T lymphocyte receptor.

Answer 5

Epitope

Question 6

single determinant site and cannot form the cross links with more than antibody molecule.

Answer 6

Hapten

Question 7

antibody is also known as _________ or
__________.

Answer 7

Immunoglobulin ; Gammaglobulins

Question 8

A glycoprotein that binds to antigens

Answer 8

Antibody

Question 9

5 classes of antibody/immunoglobulin

Answer 9

IgG
IgE
IgM
IgA
IgD

Question 10

antibody has only one type of light chains: ____
or _____

Answer 10

kappa ; lambda

Question 11

antibody/immunoglobulin has a basic structural unit a _________ composed of ______ and ______ chain joined together by _______

Answer 11

tetrapeptide ; two light and two heavy chain ; disulfide bonds.

Question 12

Two Light Chain of Immunoglobulin/Antibody

Answer 12

a. Amino terminal or Variable Region
b. Carboxy terminal or Constant region

Question 13

a light chain that is an Amino acid sequence

Answer 13

Amino terminal or Variable Region

Question 14

Carboxy terminal or Constant region contains ________ bridges

Answer 14

3 disulfide

Question 15

In Carboxy terminal or Constant region:

two connect heavy chains to _________
one connect heavy chains to ______

Answer 15

light chains ; each other

Question 16

1st to be produced after antigenic stimulation

Answer 16

IgM

Question 17

IgM is a Pentamers joined together by a ____

Answer 17

J chain

Question 18

IgM is restructed to plasma due to _____ size

Answer 18

large

Question 19

the 1st antibody to be produced in infection

Answer 19

IgM

Question 20

IgM is Powerful _______ and ______

Answer 20

agglutinin ; hemolysin

Question 21

2nd type of immunoglobulin to appear

Answer 21

IgD

Question 22

It play a role in B cell activation and play role in regulating B cell maturation and differentiation.

Answer 22

IgD

Question 23

IgD is postulated to be ________

Answer 23

idiopathic

Question 24

Predominant serum antibodies

Answer 24

IgG

Question 25

subclasses of IgG

Answer 25

IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4

Question 26

the only immunoglobulin that crosses placenta and produced in secondary antibody response

Answer 26

IgG

Question 27

- A reaginic antibody - Responsible for allergic reactions - Role in hypersensitivity

Answer 27

IgE

Question 28

IgA forms

Answer 28

Serum and secretory forms

Question 29

IgA form in a single immunoglobulin molecule

Answer 29

Serum Form

Question 30

IgA form which is a dimer held together by a J chain

Answer 30

Secretory

Question 31

IgA is found in

Answer 31

Mucus, Saliva, Tears and Breast Milk

Question 32

2 types of gammopathy

Answer 32

Monoclonal Gammopathy and Polyclonal Gammopathy

Question 33

- Results from a single clone of lymphoid

Answer 33

Monoclonal Gammopathy

Question 34

- Plasma cells producing elevated levels of a single class and type of immunoglobulin.

Answer 34

Monoclonal Gammopathy

Question 35

Monoclonal Gammopathy is also associated with

Answer 35

- Multiple myeloma - Waldenstroms Macroglobulinemia

Question 36

It is a common protein abnormality

Answer 36

Polyclonal Gammopathy

Question 37

An increase in more than one immunoglobulin and involves several clones of plasma

Answer 37

Polyclonal Gammopathy

Question 38

Polyclonal Gammopathy, consist of one more ______ classes and both _______ types

Answer 38

heavy chain ; light chain

Question 39

It is labile series of 20 plasma proteins, are enzymes or proteinase.

Answer 39

Complement

Question 40

Complement are proteins that are a major fraction of the ________ globulin.

Answer 40

beta 1 and 2

Question 41

Complement Major Role in Immunity

Answer 41

- Final lysis of abnormal and pathogenic cells. - Opsonization and phagocytosis - Mediation of inflammation

Question 42

Complement Activity

Answer 42

A. Host Defense Against Infections B. Interface between Innate and Adaptive Immunity C. Disposal of Waste

Question 43

3 complement pathway

Answer 43

Classical Alternate Mannose Binding Lectin

Question 44

Complement pathway that involves nine proteins that are triggered by antigen- antibody combination.

Answer 44

Classical Pathway

Question 45

Complement pathway that is "properdin system"

Answer 45

Alternate Pathway

Question 46

Complement pathway that adheres to mannose found mainly in the cell or outer coating of bacteria, viruses, yeast and protozoa.

Answer 46

Mannose binding lectin