Antigens and Immunogens, Immunoglobulins and Complement System Flashcards
It is a substance that stimulates antibody formation and has the ability to bind to an antibody or a T lymphocyte antigen receptor.
Antigens
a macromolecules capable of triggering an adaptive immune response by inducing the formation of antibodies or sensitized T cells in an immunocompetent host.
Immunogens
a substance that causes detectable immune response.
immunogens
CHARACTERISTICS OF IMMUNOGEN TO STIMULATE A HOST RESPONSE
Macromolecular Size: greater than 10,000 daltons
Chemical Composition: Protein and Polysaccharides proteins
Foreignness: Nonself
Ability to be processed and presented with MHC molecules.
A part of antigen, reacts specifically with an antibody or T lymphocyte receptor.
Epitope
single determinant site and cannot form the cross links with more than antibody molecule.
Hapten
antibody is also known as _________ or
__________.
Immunoglobulin ; Gammaglobulins
A glycoprotein that binds to antigens
Antibody
5 classes of antibody/immunoglobulin
IgG
IgE
IgM
IgA
IgD
antibody has only one type of light chains: ____
or _____
kappa ; lambda
antibody/immunoglobulin has a basic structural unit a _________ composed of ______ and ______ chain joined together by _______
tetrapeptide ; two light and two heavy chain ; disulfide bonds.
Two Light Chain of Immunoglobulin/Antibody
a. Amino terminal or Variable Region
b. Carboxy terminal or Constant region
a light chain that is an Amino acid sequence
Amino terminal or Variable Region
Carboxy terminal or Constant region contains ________ bridges
3 disulfide
In Carboxy terminal or Constant region:
two connect heavy chains to _________
one connect heavy chains to ______
light chains ; each other
1st to be produced after antigenic stimulation
IgM
IgM is a Pentamers joined together by a ____
J chain
IgM is restructed to plasma due to _____ size
large
the 1st antibody to be produced in infection
IgM
IgM is Powerful _______ and ______
agglutinin ; hemolysin
2nd type of immunoglobulin to appear
IgD
It play a role in B cell activation and play role in regulating B cell maturation and differentiation.
IgD
IgD is postulated to be ________
idiopathic
Predominant serum antibodies
IgG
subclasses of IgG
IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4
the only immunoglobulin that crosses placenta
and produced in secondary antibody response
IgG
- A reaginic antibody
- Responsible for allergic reactions
- Role in hypersensitivity
IgE
IgA forms
Serum and secretory forms
IgA form in a single immunoglobulin molecule
Serum Form
IgA form which is a dimer held together by a J chain
Secretory
IgA is found in
Mucus, Saliva, Tears and Breast Milk
2 types of gammopathy
Monoclonal Gammopathy and Polyclonal Gammopathy
- Results from a single clone of lymphoid
Monoclonal Gammopathy
- Plasma cells producing elevated levels of a single
class and type of immunoglobulin.
Monoclonal Gammopathy
Monoclonal Gammopathy is also associated with
- Multiple myeloma
- Waldenstroms Macroglobulinemia
It is a common protein abnormality
Polyclonal Gammopathy
An increase in more than one immunoglobulin
and involves several clones of plasma
Polyclonal Gammopathy
Polyclonal Gammopathy, consist of one more ______ classes and both _______ types
heavy chain ; light chain
It is labile series of 20 plasma proteins,
are enzymes or proteinase.
Complement
Complement are proteins that are a major fraction of the ________ globulin.
beta 1 and 2
Complement Major Role in Immunity
- Final lysis of abnormal and pathogenic cells.
- Opsonization and phagocytosis
- Mediation of inflammation
Complement Activity
A. Host Defense Against Infections
B. Interface between Innate and Adaptive Immunity
C. Disposal of Waste
3 complement pathway
Classical
Alternate
Mannose Binding Lectin
Complement pathway that involves nine proteins that are triggered by antigen- antibody combination.
Classical Pathway
Complement pathway that is “properdin system”
Alternate Pathway
Complement pathway that adheres to mannose found mainly in the cell or outer coating of bacteria, viruses, yeast and protozoa.
Mannose binding lectin
