IS PARASITES AND THEIR SEROLOGIC TESTS

Question 1

causative agent of toxoplasmosis

Answer 1

Toxoplasma gondii

Question 2

principal routes of transmission of toxoplasmosis:

Answer 2

Foodborne,
Animal to human (zoonotic),
Mother to child (congenital)

Question 3

definitive host of toxoplasmosis:

Answer 3

house cat (oocysts: feces)

Question 4

In toxoplasmosis spontaneous recovery follows ________

Answer 4

acute febrile disease

Question 5

AIDS patients who are seropositive for T. gondii, approximately 25% to 50% will develop ____________ (meningoencephalitis)

• total CD4 count falls below ______

Answer 5

• toxoplasmic encephalitis
• 100 × 10^9/L

Question 6

can result in blindness, encephalomyelitis, mental retardation, convulsions, and death in infected neonates

Answer 6

Congenital toxoplasmosis

Question 7

In toxoplasmosis

detection of IgM antibodies— ______, ______

Answer 7

IFA, ELISA

Question 8

Toxoplasmosis

Detection of IgM and IgG antibodies: ________

Answer 8

chemiluminescent immunoassay

Question 9

In toxoplasmosis, ____: can be observed during the chronic stage of the infection

Answer 9

IgM

Question 10

In taxoplasmosis, _________: primarily measured IgG antibodies
- gold standard
- sensitive and specific neutralization test

Answer 10

Sabin-Feldman Dye Test

Question 11

In Toxoplasmosis, _____: uses killed organisms as a substrate; patient serum is assayed

Answer 11

IFA

Question 12

In toxoplasmosis, _______: determined using the ratios of antibody titration curves of urea-treated and untreated serum

Answer 12

Avidity Test

Question 13

In toxoplasmosis, Demonstration of _______ in tissue sections or smears of body fluid

Answer 13

tachyzoites

Question 14

In toxoplasmosis, ________ –stained slides of centrifuged sediment of CSF or of brain aspirate, or in impression smears of biopsy tissue. Multiple tissue cysts

Answer 14

Wright-Giemsa

Question 15

In toxoplasmosis, cell culture method for the growth of T. gondii: using ______

• After 4 days, parasites in the culture are revealed by immunofluorescence with an __________

Answer 15

monocytes ; anti-P30 monoclonal antibody

Question 16

an immunodot torch test

Answer 16

Rapid TORCH Procedure

Question 17

a (rapid torch procedure) uses an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) dot technique

Answer 17

ImmunoDOT TORCH test

Question 18

ImmunoDOT TORCH test (+)

Answer 18

(+) dot with an easily seen distinct border that is visible in the center of the window (outer perimeter of the window must be white to pale gray)

Question 19

TORCH syndrome: ____________

Answer 19

spectrum of congenital defects

Question 20

• ordered if a pregnant woman is suspected of having any of the TORCH infections.
• ordered on the newborn if the infant shows any signs suggestive of these infections.

Answer 20

TORCH Testing

Question 21

Rapid antigen detection systems (RDTS) in malaria which is also called __________

Answer 21

lateral flow assays

Question 22

• Rapid antigen detection systems (RDTS) (also called lateral flow assays)
• based on immunochromatographic antigen detection
• Rapid diagnosis of malaria
• allow for differentiation between the more deadly ______ and ________

Answer 22

P. falciparum and Plasmodium vivax

Question 23

_________: detects the histidine-rich protein II (HRPII) specific to P falciparum (P.f.) and a pan-malarial antigen common to all four malaria species

Answer 23

BinaxNOW® Malaria Test

Question 24

__________ have been used to detect antigens of parasites that cause human and animal infections, such as amebiasis, babesiosis, fascioliasis, cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis, cysticercosis, echinococcosis, malaria, toxocariasis, toxoplasmosis, trichinosis, schistosomiasis (snail fever), and African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness)

Answer 24

ELISA-based assays