IS PARASITES AND THEIR SEROLOGIC TESTS Flashcards
causative agent of toxoplasmosis
Toxoplasma gondii
principal routes of transmission of toxoplasmosis:
Foodborne,
Animal to human (zoonotic),
Mother to child (congenital)
definitive host of toxoplasmosis:
house cat (oocysts: feces)
In toxoplasmosis spontaneous recovery follows ________
acute febrile disease
AIDS patients who are seropositive for T. gondii, approximately 25% to 50% will develop ____________ (meningoencephalitis)
- total CD4 count falls below ______
- toxoplasmic encephalitis
- 100 × 10^9/L
can result in blindness, encephalomyelitis, mental retardation, convulsions, and death in infected neonates
Congenital toxoplasmosis
In toxoplasmosis
detection of IgM antibodies— ______, ______
IFA, ELISA
Toxoplasmosis
Detection of IgM and IgG antibodies: ________
chemiluminescent immunoassay
In toxoplasmosis, ____: can be observed during the chronic stage of the infection
IgM
In taxoplasmosis, _________: primarily measured IgG antibodies
- gold standard
- sensitive and specific neutralization test
Sabin-Feldman Dye Test
In Toxoplasmosis, _____: uses killed organisms as a substrate; patient serum is assayed
IFA
In toxoplasmosis, _______: determined using the ratios of antibody titration curves of urea-treated and untreated serum
Avidity Test
In toxoplasmosis, Demonstration of _______ in tissue sections or smears of body fluid
tachyzoites
In toxoplasmosis, ________ –stained slides of centrifuged sediment of CSF or of brain aspirate, or in impression smears of biopsy tissue. Multiple tissue cysts
Wright-Giemsa
In toxoplasmosis, cell culture method for the growth of T. gondii: using ______
- After 4 days, parasites in the culture are revealed by immunofluorescence with an __________
monocytes ; anti-P30 monoclonal antibody
an immunodot torch test
Rapid TORCH Procedure
a (rapid torch procedure) uses an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) dot technique
ImmunoDOT TORCH test
ImmunoDOT TORCH test (+)
(+) dot with an easily seen distinct border that is visible in the center of the window (outer perimeter of the window must be white to pale gray)
TORCH syndrome: ____________
spectrum of congenital defects
- ordered if a pregnant woman is suspected of having any of the TORCH infections.
- ordered on the newborn if the infant shows any signs suggestive of these infections.
TORCH Testing
Rapid antigen detection systems (RDTS) in malaria which is also called __________
lateral flow assays
- Rapid antigen detection systems (RDTS) (also called lateral flow assays)
- based on immunochromatographic antigen detection
- Rapid diagnosis of malaria
- allow for differentiation between the more deadly ______ and ________
P. falciparum and Plasmodium vivax
_________: detects the histidine-rich protein II (HRPII) specific to P falciparum (P.f.) and a pan-malarial antigen common to all four malaria species
BinaxNOW® Malaria Test
__________ have been used to detect antigens of parasites that cause human and animal infections, such as amebiasis, babesiosis, fascioliasis, cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis, cysticercosis, echinococcosis, malaria, toxocariasis, toxoplasmosis, trichinosis, schistosomiasis (snail fever), and African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness)
ELISA-based assays
