basic concepts of immunology Flashcards
“Innate Immunity”
Natural Immunity
It is a nonspecific defense system and includes barriers to infectious
agents, such as the skin and mucous membrane.
Natural Immunity
It also includes many immune components important in the adaptive immune response, including phagocytic cells, natural killer cells, Toll- like receptors, cytokines and complement.
Natural Immunity
“Adaptive Immunity”
Acquired Immunity
It is a type of resistance that is characterized by specificity for each
individual pathogen, or microbial agent, and the ability to remember a prior exposure, which results in an increased response upon repeated exposure.
Acquired Immunity
It has immunologic memory, and can respond rapidly and vigorously to a second antigen exposure.
Acquired Immunity
- Intact Skin
- Mucous membranes and their secretions.
- Normal Microbiota
First line of defense
- phagocytes, such as neutrophils, eosinophils, dendritic cells and macrophages.
- inflammation
- fever
- antimicrobial substances
Second line of defense
- Specialized lymphocytes: T cells and B cells
- Antibodies
Third line oof defense
- It is composed of structural barriers that prevent most infectious agents from entering the body.
- Physical: Skin
- Biochemical: Lactic acid, Mucous
secretions, Fatty acids and Lysozymes. - Normal Flora
First Line of Defense
- Both cells and soluble factors play essential parts. - It recognizes molecules that are acquired to
infectious organisms. - Cellular: Mast cells, Neutrophils, Macrophages
and NK cells - Humoral: Complement, APR, Defensins and
Interferons.
Second Line of Defense
- Both cells and soluble factors play essential parts. - It recognizes molecules that are acquired to infectious organisms. It helps other cells to
activate its specific functions. - Cellular: T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes and
Plasma Cells - Humoral: Antibodies and Cytokines
Third Line of Defense
