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MT2 > HEMA 2 - PLATELETS (charac) > Flashcards

HEMA 2 - PLATELETS (charac) Flashcards

1
Q

stem cell & developmental pathway

A

hemocytoblast - megakaryoblast - promegakaryocyte - megakaryocyte - platelets

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2
Q

platelet development process

A

stem cell → multipotent progenitor cell → committed megakaryocyte-progenitor cell → immature megakaryocyte → mature magakaryocyte → platelets

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3
Q

stem cell includes

A

Steel Factor
Thrombopoietin

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4
Q

multipotent progenitor cell includes

A

Steel Factor
IL-3
IL-6
IL-11
Leukemia Inhibitory Factor
G-CSF
Thrombopoietin

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5
Q

committed megakaryocyte-progenitor cell includes

A

Steel Factor
IL-3
IL-6
IL-11
Leukemia Inhibitory Factor
Erythropoietin
Thrombopoietin

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6
Q

Immature megakaryocyte includes

A

IL-6
IL-11
Thrombopoietin

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7
Q

mature megakaryocyte includes

A

Thrombopoietin

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8
Q

Metabolically active cell fragments

A

Mature Platelet/Thrombocyte

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9
Q

Anuclear Cells

A

Mature Platelet/Thrombocyte

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10
Q

Platelet Ultrastructure

A

Pheripheral Zone
Structural Zone
Membrane Systems
Organelle Zone

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11
Q

Platelet Ultrastructure: Pheriperal Zone includes

A

Glycocalyx
Membrane

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12
Q

Platelet Ultrastructure: Structural Zone includes

A

Microtubules
Submembranous cytoskeleton
Actin (G and F forms)
Myosin

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13
Q

Platelet Ultrastructure: Membrane Systems includes

A

Open Canalicular System
Dense Tubular System

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14
Q

Platelet Ultrastructure: Organelle Zone includes

A

Mitochondrion
Glycogen
Dense Body
Lysosome
Alpha Granules

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15
Q

Ultrastructure of Platelet

A
  1. Peripheral Zone
  2. Sol-Gel Zone
  3. Organelle Zone
  4. Membranous System
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16
Q

Peripheral Zone includes

A

Glycocalyx
Plasma Membrane

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17
Q

outer surface of peripheral zone

A

Glycocalyx

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18
Q

Consists 30 or more glycoproteins, phospholipids & platelet VIII:vWF

A

Plasma Membrane

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19
Q

Plasma Membrane includes

A

Glycoprotein Ib
Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa
Glycoprotein Va
Submembranous Area

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20
Q

receptor for von Willebrand’s factor (vWF)

A

Glycoprotein Ib

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21
Q

receptor for fibrinogen

A

Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa

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22
Q

receptor for thrombin

A

Glycoprotein Va

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23
Q

sol-gel zone includes

A

Microfilaments
Microtubules

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24
Q

responsible for clot retraction

A

Actin and Myosin

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25
Q

Actin and Myosin is also known as ______ or ______

A

Actomyosin or Thrombosthenin

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26
Q

comprises 15% of all CHONS (protein) in the platelets

A

Actin and Myosin

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27
Q

responsible for maintaining the shape

A

microtubules

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28
Q

organelle zone consists of

A

Alpha granules
Dense granules
Mitochondria

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29
Q

_______ includes platelet factor, platelet-derived GF, platelet fibrinogen, Factor V, vWF, B-thromboglobulin, thrombospondin, fibronectin, & platelet albumin

A

Alpha Granules

30
Q

______ includes Ca, ADP, Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine)

A

Dense Granules

31
Q

for energy production

A

Mitochondria

32
Q

membranous system includes

A

Dense Tubular System
Open Canalicular System

33
Q

serves as the site of Arachidonic acid metabolism

A

Dense Tubular System

34
Q

Also functions as a Calcium-sequestering pump that maintains platelet cytoplasmic Ca levels

A

Dense Tubular System

35
Q

release of granules

A

Open Canalicular System

36
Q

Provides direct communication between intracellular and extracellular compartments

A

Open Canalicular System

37
Q

stages of platelet maturation

A

Stage I - megakaryoblast
Stage II - promegakaryocyte
Stage III - granular megakaryocyte
Stage IV - mature megakaryocyte

38
Q

Size: 20-50 um, earliest recognizable

A

Megakaryoblast (Stage I)

39
Q

Size: 20-60 um

A

Promegakaryocyte

40
Q

Size: 30-90 um

A

Granular Megakaryocyte

41
Q

Size: 40-120 um, largest cell in the bone marrow

A

Mature Megakaryocyte

42
Q

NUCLEUS

morphology: round oval, or may be kidney shaped
chromatin: fine
nucleoli: multiple nucleoli
nuclei: —-

A

Megakaryoblast (Stage I)

43
Q

NUCLEUS

morphology: Irregular in shape, maybe horseshoe shpaed
chromatin: coarse
nucleoli: multiple nucleoli
nuclei: —

A

Promegakaryocyte (Stage II)

44
Q

NUCLEUS

morphology: smaller size
chromatin: coarser than stage II
nucleoli: no nucleoli visible
nuclei: multiple nuclei visible

A

Granular Megakaryocyte (Stage III)

45
Q

NUCLEUS

morphology: Multilobulated
chromatin: Coarse and Linear
nucleoli: No nucleoli visible
nuclei: Multiple nuclei present or nucleus is multilobulated

A

Mature Megakaryocyte

46
Q

CYTOPLASM

color: deeply basophilic (blue), usually darker than myeloblast
amount: small - moderate
granules: nongranular or rare
N/C: 10:1 (high)

A

Megakaryoblast (Stage 1)

47
Q

CYTOPLASM

color: less basophilic
amount: more abundant
granules: granules begin to form in the golgi region
N/C: 4:1 - 7:1 (high)

A

Promegakaryocyte (stage II)

48
Q

CYTOPLASM

color: pinkish
amount: abundant
granules: very fine & diffusely granular
N/C: 2:1 - 1:1 (low)

A

Granular Megakaryocyte (stage III)

49
Q

CYTOPLASM

color: totally pink
amount: abundant
granules: Coarse clumps of granules aggregating into little bundles, which bud off from the periphery to become platelets.
N/C: less than 1:1 (low)

A

Mature Megakaryocyte

50
Q

substances that promote coagulation (role in hemostasis)

A

Fibrinogen
Factor V
Factor VIII

51
Q

source of the subtances Fibrinogen, Factor V and Factor VIII

A

Alpha Granules

52
Q

Principal/Function: Contact activation of intrinsic coagulation pathway

A

Fibrinogen

53
Q

Principal/Function: Cofactor in fibrin clot
formation

54
Q

Principal/Function: Assists platelet adhesion to
subendoethelium to provide coagulation surface

A

Factor VIII

55
Q

substances that promote aggregation (role in hemostasis)

A

ADP
Calcium
Platelet Factor 4
Thrombospondin

56
Q

source of the substances ADP, Calcium

A

Dense Bodies

57
Q

source of the substances Platelet Factor 4, Thrombospondin

A

Alpha Granules

58
Q

Principal/Function: promote platelet aggregation

A

ADP
Calcium
Platelet Factor 4
Thrombospondin

59
Q

substances that promote vasoconstriction

A

Serotonin
Thromboxane A2 Precursors

60
Q

source of serotonin

A

Dense Bodies

61
Q

source of Thromboxane A2 precursors

A

Membrane Phospholipids

62
Q

Principal/Function: promotes vasoconstriction at injury site

A

Serotonin
Thromboxane A2 Precursors

63
Q

substances that promote vascular repair

A

Platelet-derived Growth Factor
Beta Thromboglobulin

64
Q

source of the substances Platelet-derived Growth Factor, Beta Thromboglobulin

A

Alpha granules

65
Q

substances that other systems affected (role in hemostasis)

A

Plasminogen
C1 esterase inhibitor

66
Q

source of the subtance Plasminogen, C1 esterase inhibitor

A

Alpha Granules

67
Q

Principal/Function: Promotes smooth muscle
growth for vessel repair

A

Platelet-derived growth factor

68
Q

Principal/Function: Chemotactic for fibroblasts
to help in vessel repair

A

Beta thromboglobulin

69
Q

Principal/Function: Precursor to plasmin, which
induces clot lysis

A

Plasminogen

70
Q

Principal/Function: Complement system
inhibitor

A

C1 esterase inhibitor

MT2 (45 decks)

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