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DNA VIRUSES Flashcards

1
Q

viruses are ______ parasites

A

obligate

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2
Q

viruses infect _______, ______, and other _____

A

animals, plants and other microbes

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3
Q

viruses are limited to a particular ______ or _____ type

A

host or cell type

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4
Q

All DNA viruses are _________ except for parvovirus, which have ________.

A

double-stranded ; ssDNA

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5
Q

In viruses, viral infections range from _______ to ___________

A

very mild ; life-threatening diseases.

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6
Q

Many viruses are strictly human in origin, others are _________ transmitted by vectors.

A

zoonoses

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7
Q

Several viruses can cross the placenta and cause _______________

A

developmental disturbances.

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8
Q

DNA viruses that replicate in the nucleus:

A

Papovavirus, Adenovirus, Herpesvirus

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9
Q

DNA viruses that replicate in the cytoplasm:

A

Poxvirus

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10
Q

3 subfamilies of herpesviridae

A
  1. Alphaherpesvirinae
  2. Betaherpesvirinae
  3. Gammaherpesvirinae
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11
Q

viruses under Alphaherpesvirinae

A
  • Human simplex virus 1
  • Human simplex virus 2
  • Varicella-zoster virus
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12
Q

viruses under Betaherpesvirinae

A
  • Human CMV
  • Human herpes virus 6
  • Human herpes virus 7
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13
Q

viruses under Gammaherpesvirinae

A
  • Epstein-barr virus
  • Karposi’s sarcoma herpes virus
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14
Q
  • Infections around the mouth (Orolabial,
    oral-labial, or Oral-facial herpes)
A

herpes simplex virus 1

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15
Q

Commonly acquired during childhood
and causes lifelong infection

A

herpes simplex virus 1

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16
Q

transmission of herpes simplex virus 1

A
  • oral to oral
  • oral to genital
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17
Q

herpes simplex virus 1 signs and symptoms:

A
  • Painful blisters or open sores
  • Sores around the lips
  • Tingling
  • Itching or burning sensation around the mouth before the appearance of the sore
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18
Q

herpes simplex virus 1 causes

A
  1. Acute herpetic gingivostomatitis
  2. Acute herpetic pharyngotonsillitis
  3. Herpes labialis or “cold sores”
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19
Q

Causes Genital Herpes

A

herpes simplex virus 2

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20
Q

Considered lifelong and incurable

A

herpes simplex virus 2

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21
Q

herpes simplex virus 2 transmission

A
  • Sexually
  • Vertical transmission
  • Contact with genital surface, skin, sores, or fluids of an infected person
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22
Q

herpes simplex virus 2 signs and symptoms

A
  • Genital or anal blisters or open sores
  • Fever
  • Body aches
  • Swollen lymph nodes
  • Mild tingling or shooting pain in the legs, hip, and buttocks before the appearance of ulcer
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23
Q

Other diseases caused by HSV

A

Herpetic Whitlow
Herpetic Gladiatorum

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24
Q
  • HSV infection of the fingers
  • Can come from orofacial/genital herpes
A

Herpetic Whitlow

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25
Q

HSV infection of the face, neck,arms, and upper trunk

A

Herpetic Gladiatorum

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26
Q

Treatment for HSV 1 and 2

A

Antiviral drugs: Acyclovir, Famciclovir, or Valacyclovir

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27
Q

Also known as Human Herpes Virus type 3

A

VARICELLA-ZOSTER VIRUS

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28
Q

VARICELLA-ZOSTER VIRUS is a _______ DNA

A

double-stranded

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29
Q

VARICELLA-ZOSTER VIRUS only infects _____

A

humans

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30
Q

VARICELLA-ZOSTER VIRUS main target are

A

T lymphocyte, epithelial cells, and ganglia

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31
Q

VARICELLA-ZOSTER VIRUS is a _______ disease

A

highly communicable

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32
Q

VARICELLA-ZOSTER VIRUS causes

A

chickenpox and/or herpes zoster

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33
Q

VARICELLA-ZOSTER VIRUS

neurological complications (zoster):

A
  • Zoster paresis
  • Neuralgia
  • VZV meningoencephalitis
  • VZV vasculopathy
  • VZV-induced diseases of the eye
34
Q

varicella-zoster virus prevention

35
Q

varicella-zoster virus treatments

A

antiviral drugs

36
Q

varicella-zoster virus detection

A

PCR
Direct Immunofluorescence

37
Q

Chickenpox is..

  • high contagious disease
  • characterized by _______ and _______ on chest, back and face; may spread all over the body
  • can be prevented by vaccine
A

itchy and blister-like rashes

38
Q

chickenpox transmission

A
  • Aerosol
  • Droplets
  • Direct /indirect contact
39
Q

chickenpox signs and symptoms

A
  • Fever
  • Tiredness
  • Loss of appetite
  • Headache
40
Q

Characterized by the reactivation of Varicella-zoster virus

A

HERPES ZOSTER

41
Q

It is a painful rash that develops on one side of the face or body; may appear on either left or right in single stripes

A

HERPES ZOSTER

42
Q

In herpes zoster, shingles on the face can affect the eye and can cause ______

A

loss of vision

43
Q

herpes zoster signs and symptoms:

A
  • Fever
  • Headache
  • Chills
  • Stomach pain
  • Burning sensation
  • Numbness or tingling
  • Presence fluid-filled blisters that breaks and crusts over
44
Q

It is a common virus that remains in the body for life and is asymptomatic.

A

HUMAN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS

45
Q

HUMAN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS transmission

A
  • Sexual contact with an infected person
  • Breast milk of an infected mother
  • Transplantation or blood transfusion
46
Q

HUMAN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS causes 3 clinical syndrome

A

Congenital CMV infection
Mononucleosis syndrome
Life-threatening disease

47
Q

HUMAN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS diagnosis and treatment

A
  • Amniocentesis
  • Antiviral drugs
48
Q

HUMAN HERPES VIRUS TYPE 6 Causes _______ also called _________

A

Roseola infantum ; Exanthem subitum

49
Q

Occurs in children between the age of 6 to 24 months

A

HUMAN HERPES VIRUS TYPE 6

50
Q

Most common strain of HUMAN HERPES VIRUS
TYPE 6

51
Q

HUMAN HERPES VIRUS TYPE 6 Can be reactivated by _______ or _______

A

stress ; other illnesses

52
Q

(what virus that…) In uncomplicated cases, the infection clears up on its own

A

HUMAN HERPES VIRUS TYPE 6

53
Q

HUMAN HERPES VIRUS TYPE 6 signs and symptoms

A
  • High fever
  • Rash in the torso,
    arms, legs, back and face
54
Q

HUMAN HERPES VIRUS TYPE 6 treatment

A

There is no specific treatment but there are some significant evidence showing the use of Antiviral drugs are effective.

55
Q

HUMAN HERPES VIRUS TYPE 6 diagnosis

A

Detection of virus in the peripheral blood specimens by PCR

56
Q

HUMAN HERPES VIRUS TYPE 6 transmission

A

Person-to-person

57
Q

First isolated in 1990 from CD4 T cells

A

HUMAN HERPES VIRUS TYPE 7

58
Q

Occurs in early life and is quite similar to
HHV-6 infection causes ________

A

HUMAN HERPES VIRUS TYPE 7 ; exanthema
subitum

59
Q

HUMAN HERPES VIRUS TYPE 7 affects ____ of the adults worldwide

60
Q

HUMAN HERPES VIRUS TYPE 7 symptoms

A
  • Fever or febrile seizures
  • Upper respiratory tract disease
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhea
61
Q

Also known as Human Herpes Virus 4

A

EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS

62
Q

EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS is also called as _______

A

Kissing Disease

63
Q

One of the most common human viruses

A

EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS

64
Q

EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS diagnosis

A
  • Viral capsid antigen
  • Early antigen
  • EBV nuclear antigen
65
Q

EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS symptoms

A
  • Fatigue
  • Fever
  • Lack of appetite
  • Rash
  • Sore throat
  • Swollen glands in the neck
  • Weakness and sore muscle
66
Q

EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS transmission

A
  • Can be transmitted through body fluids like semen,
    blood, or saliva
  • Sharing of personal items
  • Blood transfusion
  • Organ transplant
67
Q

Also known as Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpes virus

A

HUMAN HERPES VIRUS TYPE 8

68
Q

Same sex intercourse and persons with HIV are at risk

A

HUMAN HERPES VIRUS TYPE 8

69
Q

Some may develop primary infection syndrome:
- Fever
- Rash
- Lymphadenopathy

A

HUMAN HERPES VIRUS TYPE 8

70
Q

HUMAN HERPES VIRUS TYPE 8 signs and symptoms

A
  • Nontender, hyperpigmented,
    macular or nodular skin lesions
  • Oral lesions
  • Lymphatic involvement may
    lead to lower extremity edema
71
Q

HUMAN HERPES VIRUS TYPE 8 transmission

A

Transmission is unclear, but saliva is believed as the source of infection

72
Q

HUMAN HERPES VIRUS TYPE 8 diagnosis

A
  • Tissue examination
  • PCR
73
Q

Common name of hepadnaviridae

A

Hepadnavirus

74
Q

2 genus in hepadnaviridae

A

Orthohepadnavirus and Avihepadnavirus

75
Q

Orthohepadnavirus includes

A

Hepatitis B Virus
Ground Squirrel
Woodchuck Hepa B virus

76
Q

Avihepadnavirus includes

A

Duck Hepatitis B Virus and Heron Hepatitis B Virus

77
Q

Causes hepatitis B infection

A

Hepa B virus

78
Q

Hepa B site of infection

79
Q

Incubation period of hepa B virus

A

60-90 days

80
Q
  • It is infectious outside the body for 7 days
  • 10th leading cause of death

MT2 (45 decks)

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