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MT2 > COAGULATION TESTS > Flashcards

COAGULATION TESTS Flashcards

1
Q

the anticoagulant used is..

A

3.2% sodium citrate

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2
Q

anticoagulants..

Closer osmolality to plasma and produces more ____________ results when patients are treated with ________

A

accurate activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) ; heparin therapy

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3
Q

anticoagulants that should not be used

A

Heparin, edta or oxalate

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4
Q

Tubes are stored best in open containers in an ______

A

upright position

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5
Q

specimen handling..

_____, changes begin to occur and labile factors such as ____ begin to deteriorate quickly.

A

In vitro ; VIII

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6
Q

specimen handling..

Pt should be completed within ______

A

24 hours

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7
Q

specimen handling..

Aptt should be completed within ____

A

4 hours

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8
Q

specimen handling..

Samples should only be held for a maximum of __ hours at ______ centigrade, if testing cannot be performed immediately

A

2 ; 4 degrees

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9
Q

specimen handling..

  • If testing is not conducted, plasma should be separated from the cells by ______ to produce a _________ (platelet count <10x109/L)
  • Done by centrifuging the whole blood specimen for _____ min at _____
A

centrifugation ; platelet-poor plasma

20 min at 2,500rpm

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10
Q

specimen handling..

-20 degree centigrade for up to _____
-70 degree centigrade for up to _____

A

2 months ; 6 months

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11
Q

specimen handling..

_______- should not be used, it can prolong clotting time of lupus anticoagulant screening assay.

A

frost-free freezers

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12
Q

specimen handling..

Frozen specimen should be thawed rapidly at _____ while gently inverted to prevent denaturation of ______

A

37 deg. Temp ; fibrinogen.

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13
Q

specimen handling..

If thawed sample not tested immediately, sample held for _____ at _____

A

2 hours at 4 degree cent.

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14
Q

specimen handling…

For lupus anticoagulant, centrifuge at _____ for _____ at ______ and ______ removed and centrifuge again

A

1,500g ; 15 minutes ; room temp ; plasma

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15
Q

specimen preparation..

_____ PLASMA/_____ SERUM CAN BE USED

A

Adsorbed ; AGED

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16
Q

specimen preparation..

  • PLASMA CAN BE ADSORBED BY __________/_____
  • AFTER ADSORPTION, ADSORBED PLASMA CONTAINS FACTORS __________
  • AGED SERUM CONTAINS FACTORS ______ (NONANTICOAGLATED WHOLE BLOOD IS ALLOWED TO CLOT;INCUBATED AT ___ DEG. CENT. FOR __ HRS; ______ is added to whole blood
A
  • BARIUM SULFATE/ALUMINUM HYDROXIDE
  • I,V,VIII,XI AND XII
  • VII,IX,XI AND XII ; 37 ; 3 ; Na citrate
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17
Q

GENERAL SOURCES OF ERROR

A

= Detergent residues and scratched glassware can produce erroneous results
= Variation in ph, reagent concentration, temperature

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18
Q

Measures the time required to generate thrombin and fibrin polymers via the intrinsic pathway

A

ACTIVATED PARTIAL THROMBOPLASTIN TIME

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19
Q

In apt, _____ and ______ that substitute for platelet phospholipids are added to blood plasma.

A

calcium ions ; phospholipids

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20
Q

In APT, the generation of _____ is the end point.

A

fibrin

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21
Q

Used to identify and quantitate deficiencies in the intrinsic clotting system and to control anticoagulant therapy

A

ACTIVATED PARTIAL THROMBOPLASTIN TIME

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22
Q

ACTIVATED PARTIAL THROMBOPLASTIN TIME NV:

A

20-35 sec/28-42 sec; 42-46 sec being marginal

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23
Q

ANTITHROMBIN III: CLOTTING ASSAY METHOD

In the presence of _______, thrombin is neutralized at a rate that is proportional to the _________ concentration

A

heparin ; antithrombin (AT III)

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24
Q

ANTITHROMBIN III: CLOTTING ASSAY METHOD

Following defibrination, plasma is assayed in a two-stage procedure that utilizes standardized amounts of ______, _____ and ______

A

heparin, fibrinogen and thrombin

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25
Q

ANTITHROMBIN III: CLOTTING ASSAY METHOD

Resulting time is interpreted using a _______

A

calibration curve

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26
Q

AT III assay-useful prior to and subsequent to treatment with heparin in cases of ____________

A

disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

27
Q

An in vivo measurement of platelet adhesion and aggregation on locally injured vascular subendothelium

A

STANDARDIZED IVY METHOD
BLEEDING TIME

28
Q

STANDARDIZED IVY METHOD
BLEEDING TIME…

Estimates integrity of _________

A

platelet plug

29
Q

STANDARDIZED IVY METHOD
BLEEDING TIME..

Measures interaction between _______ and ________.

A

capillaries and platelets

30
Q

STANDARDIZED IVY METHOD
BLEEDING TIME…

Measures ______ two standardized punctures of the _______ take to stop bleeding

A

length of time ; ventral forearm

31
Q

The euglobulin fraction of plasma contains ____,_____ and ____ with the potential for transforming plasminogen to ____

A

plasminogen, fibrinogen and activators ; plasmin

32
Q

EUGLOBULIN LYSIS TIME..

Fraction is precipitated with _______ and resuspended in a ________

A

1% acetic acid ; borate solution

33
Q

EUGLOBULIN LYSIS TIME..

Screening procedure for _______ activity

A

fibrinolytic

34
Q

THROMBO-WELLCOTEST FIBRIN SPLIT PRODUCTS…

Whole blood is added to ______ and ______ enzyme inhibitors

A

thrombin ; soya bean

35
Q

THROMBO-WELLCOTEST FIBRIN SPLIT PRODUCTS…

Patients serum is diluted and mixed with ______ coated with ______ products

A

latex particles ; anti-fibrin split

36
Q

THROMBO-WELLCOTEST FIBRIN SPLIT PRODUCTS…

agglutination __

A

+

37
Q

FIBRINOGEN ASSAY: METHOD CLOTTING ASSAY

Fibrinogen-thrombin _____ ————- _____

A

factor II ——– fibrin

38
Q

PROTAMINE SULFATE ASSAY..

Protamine is used to neutralize the effects of _____

A

heparin

39
Q

PROTAMINE SULFATE ASSAY..

Excess amount –capable of interfering with ______ activity and _______ generation

A

factor ix ; thromboplastin

40
Q

PROTAMINE SULFATE ASSAY..

+ inappropriate presence of ________________

A

intravascular fibrin monomers

41
Q

PROTHROMBIN TIME..

The calcium in whole blood is bound by __________, preventing coagulation

A

Na citrate

42
Q

PROTHROMBIN TIME…

_______ reacts with the tissue factor-thromboplastin in the presence of calcium ions to activate ______

A

Factor vii ; factor x

43
Q

A measure of the intrinsic coagulation mechanism

A

PLASMA RECALCIFICATION TIME

44
Q

PLASMA RECALCIFICATION TIME..

A decrease in any of the clotting factors present in the intrinsic system will cause a ______________

A

prolonged clotting time

45
Q

PLASMA RECALCIFICATION TIME NV

A

90-250 sec

46
Q

STYPVEN TIME, RUSSELL’S VIPER VENOM TIME

Detects deficiency in ___________, __________ and factors ___ and ___

A

prothrombin time, fibrinogen, v and x

47
Q

STYPVEN TIME, RUSSELL’S VIPER VENOM TIME

N.V

A

6-10 sec

48
Q

STYPVEN TIME. RUSSELL’S VIPER VENOM TIME

Principle:
- Thromboplastin-like substance that activates factor _
- When added to ______, platelets and ca calcium chloride coag process begun at the point of factor x activation with conversion of prothrombin to ______ and fibrinogen to _____.

A
  • x
  • plasma ; thrombin ; fibrin
49
Q

REPTILASE TIME..

Reptilase enzyme found in venom of _________-

A

bothrops atrox snake

50
Q

Reptilase enzyme found in venom of bothrops atrox snake
- Converts fibrinogen to fibrin, unaffected by ____
- Test functional fibrinogen when the _____ is prolonged because of heparin

A

heparin ; thrombin

51
Q

REPTILASE TIME NV

A

10-15 sec

52
Q

REPTILASE TIME PRINCIPLE

  • ______ (reptilase) is added to plasma
  • It acts by releasing _______ a from fibrinogen molecule.
  • Resultant monomers polymerize end-to-end, forming a ____
A

atroxin ; fibrinopeptide ; clot

53
Q

Deficiency detected with a modification of the activated partial thromboplastn time

A

PREKALLIKREIN (FLETCHER FACTOR SCREENING TEST)..

54
Q

PREKALLIKREIN (FLETCHER FACTOR SCREENING TEST) principle:

  • ______ with ______ deficiency will have prolonged apt
  • If the plasma + apt reagent mixture is __________, the prolonged apt will be shortened to normal, or almost normal (due to _________)
  • Normal clotting occurs with concentrations of _______ and above
A
  • aeg with Fletcher factor
  • incubate for 10 min ; fletcher factor
  • 1.5 to 2%
55
Q

FACTOR XIII SCREENING TEST..

____ converts fibrin clot to a more ____ form

A

Fsf ; stable

56
Q

FACTOR XIII SCREENING TEST PRINCIPLE:

  • aeg’s plasma is clotted by _______
  • ______ is added to clot
  • If negative- the clot is dissolved in less than ____ by urea
A
  • calcium chloride
  • Urea (5m)
  • 24 hours
57
Q

RISTOCETIN COFACTOR ASSAY..

Aeg’s plasma is added to a standardized mixture of _______ and _______ reagents

A

platelets and ristocetin reagent

58
Q

RISTOCETIN COFACTOR ASSAY..

Degree of resultant platelet aggregation is measured using ________

A

aggregometer

59
Q

HEPARIN (Anti-xa) ASSAY..

Heparin binds with ___________

A

antithrombin III

60
Q

HEPARIN (Anti-xa) ASSAY..

_____ method will be used to assay

A

chromogenic assay

61
Q

HEPARIN (Anti-xa) ASSAY..

_________ reagent is used

A

Citrated Plasma

62
Q

HEPARIN (Anti-xa) ASSAY..

_______ is incubated with measured amount of ________ and ________, substrate is added to the mixture.

A

aeg plasma ; antitrhombin II ; factor XA.

63
Q

HEPARIN (Anti-xa) ASSAY..
________ is released and measure __________

A

Paranitroanilide ; spectroprotometrically

MT2 (45 decks)

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