TRANSPLANTATION IMMUNOLOGY

Question 1

CLASS I PROTEINS:

Answer 1

HLA-A, B, C

Question 2

CLASS II PROTEINS:

Answer 2

HLA-DRB1, HLA-DRA1, HLA – DQB1, HLA-DQA1, AND DPB1+DPA1

Question 3

expressed on the cell surface covalently bound to beta-2- microglobulin.

Answer 3

CLASS I PROTEINS

Question 4

expressed on virtually all nucleated cells.

Answer 4

CLASS I PROTEINS

Question 5

expressed primarily on antigen-presenting cells

Answer 5

CLASS II PROTEINS

Question 6

HLA proteins have critical roles for the development and functioning of the innate and adaptive immune systems.

Answer 6

CLASS II PROTEINS

Question 7

Recognition elements for antigen receptors on T lymphocytes

Answer 7

CLASS II PROTEINS

Question 8

Ligands for regulatory receptor on NK cells

Answer 8

CLASS II PROTEINS

Question 9

HLA genes: causes an extensive degree of allelic polymorphism

Answer 9

CLASS II PROTEINS

Question 10

While this has successfully enabled populations to survived infectious challenges, it severely restricts the ability to transplant foreign tissue or cells between any two individuals.

Answer 10

CLASS II PROTEINS

Question 11

Restricts the ability to transplant foreign tissues or cells between any two individuals

Answer 11

CLASS II PROTEINS

Question 12

It was identified based on outcomes studies in mice and humans demonstrating tissue rejection in MHC-identical transplants.

Answer 12

MINOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS

Question 13

Based on outcomes of human stem cell transplants between HLA identical siblings in whom graft-versus-host disease has developed.

Answer 13

MINOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS

Question 14

encodes a cell surface protein that is involved in gamma/delta T-cell responses.

Answer 14

MHC class I-related chain A (MICA)

Question 15

are expressed on endothelial cells, keratinocytes, fibroblasts, epithelial cells, dendritic cells, and monocytes, but they are not expressed on T or B lymphocytes.

Answer 15

MIC proteins

Question 16

have been detected in as many as 11% of kidney transplant patients

Answer 16

Antibodies to MICA antigens

Question 17

is the only blood group system that impacts clinical transplantation

Answer 17

The ABO system

Question 18

is a barrier to solid organ transplantation because these antibodies a bind the corresponding antigens that are expressed on the vascular endothelium

Answer 18

The ABO blood group incompatibility

Question 19

Binding activates the complement cascade, which can lead to [?] of the transplanted organ.

Answer 19

hyperacute

Question 20

are one of several types of cell surface molecules that regulate the activity of natural killer (NK) lymphocytes

Answer 20

KILLER IMMUNOGLOBULIN-LIKE RECEPTORS

Question 21

has been exploited in haploidentical stem cell transplantation

Answer 21

The regulatory role of KIRs has been exploited in haploidentical stem cell transplantation