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IMMUNE 1 LEC > AUTOIMMUNITY > Flashcards

AUTOIMMUNITY Flashcards

1
Q

is a problem of self/non-self discrimination

A

Autoimmunity

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2
Q

Breakdown of the immune system’s ability to discriminate between self and nonself

A

Autoimmunity

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3
Q

• A varied group of chronic illnesses that involves almost every human organ system

A
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4
Q

• Seen when demonstrable immunoglobulins of cytotoxic T cells display specificity for self antigen that contribute to pathogenesis of a cell disorder

A

Autoimmune disorder

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5
Q

• Characterized by persistent activation of immunologic effector mechanism

A

Autoimmune disorder

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6
Q

Antigens that do not normally circulate the blood

A
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7
Q

Altered antigens that arise because of chemical, physical or biological processes.

A
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8
Q

A foreign Antigen that is shared with self antigen and tissue component

A
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9
Q

Mutation of immunocompetent cells

A
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10
Q

Loss of immunoregulatory function of T lymphocyte subset

A
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11
Q

• The autoimmune response are directed against antigens present only in a particular organ

A

ORGAN SPECIFIC AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE

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12
Q

• The autoantibodies bind to self antigen to the organ cells and lead to the destruction of cells

A

ORGAN SPECIFIC AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE

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13
Q

• the autoantibodies bind to self-antigens on cells and lead to either overstimulation of the cell or suppression of the normal functioning of the cells

A

ORGAN SPECIFIC AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE

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14
Q

• auto antibodies to self- RBCs are formed

A

AUTOIMMUNE HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA

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15
Q

• The autoantibodies bind to antigens on RBCs and lead to the lysis of RBCs (due to complement activation)

A

AUTOIMMUNE HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA

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16
Q

• Maybe be caused by drugs (cephalosporins, dapsone)

A

AUTOIMMUNE HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA

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17
Q

o Acts as haptens (incomplete antigen; needs a carrier RBC)

A

cephalosporins, dapsone

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18
Q

• The drug-RBC antigen complex induces the immune system to produce antibodies.

A

AUTOIMMUNE HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA

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19
Q

• Lead to the activation of complement

A
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20
Q

Other causes of AIHA

A
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21
Q

• Antibodies reactive to body temperature (37°C)

A

Warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia

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22
Q

• IgG and complement coats the RBC

A

Warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia

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23
Q

• Cold reactive IgM reacts with RBC

A

Cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia

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24
Q

• Room temperature (32°C)

A

Cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia

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25
Q

• IgG protein reacts with RBC in colder parts of the body producing complement component binding

A

Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria

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26
Q

• a chronic disease resulting from the non-absorption of vitamin B12 (essential for RBC development)

A

PERNICIOUS ANEMIA

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27
Q

• Results to inability to secrete intrinsic factor (IF)

A

PERNICIOUS ANEMIA

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28
Q

most common in late adult life

A

PERNICIOUS ANEMIA

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29
Q

• The basic abnormality of the disease is severe atrophic gastritis

A

PERNICIOUS ANEMIA

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30
Q

Presence of Intrinsic Factor-blocking antibody is diagnostic of PA

A

PERNICIOUS ANEMIA

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31
Q

• Autoantibodies to platelets bind to many of the major platelet membrane glycoproteins

A

IDIOPATHIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA

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32
Q

are the major antigens with which the platelet autoantibodies bind

A

• Platelet GpIIb /IIIa and GPIb/IX

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33
Q

• The antibody coated platelets are destroyed

A

IDIOPATHIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA

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34
Q

• The number of platelets drastically decrease

A

IDIOPATHIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA

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35
Q

• Classic symptoms: petechiae, bruising and bleeding after minor trauma

A

IDIOPATHIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA

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36
Q

• Autoantibodies to certain antigens on the membrane of kidney glomeruli and lung alveoli are formed

A

GOODPASTEUR SYNDROME

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37
Q

• Complement activation is evident after autoantibody bind membrane antigen

A

GOODPASTEUR SYNDROME

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38
Q

• This may result in an inflammatory reactions in lungs and kidney

A

GOODPASTEUR SYNDROME

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39
Q

• The kidneys may be damage or patients may suffer from pulmonary hemorrhage

A

GOODPASTEUR SYNDROME

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40
Q

• Bleeding in the lungs are seen

A

GOODPASTEUR SYNDROME

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41
Q

• Chronic autoimmune thyroiditis

A

HASHIMOTO’S THYROIDITIS

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42
Q

• Autoantibodies against many thyroid proteins and T cells are formed

A

HASHIMOTO’S THYROIDITIS

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43
Q

• Clinical picture:

o Goiter
o Hypothyroidism
o Thyroid autoantibodies
o Hyperplasia

A

HASHIMOTO’S THYROIDITIS

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44
Q

Symptoms of hypothyroiditis

A

Dry skin, decrease sweating, puffy face, edematous eyelids, weight gain (decrease in T3 and T4 slows down metabolism) and brittle hair

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45
Q

• Autoantibodies on thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors bind to TSH receptors on thyroid

A

GRAVE’S DISEASE

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46
Q

• Leads to overproduction of thyroid hormones

A

GRAVE’S DISEASE

47
Q

• May produce Hyperthyroidism

A

GRAVE’S DISEASE

48
Q

GRAVE’S DISEASE
• Causes

A

Grave ophthalmopathy and Grave’s dermopathy

49
Q

• A condition caused by autoimmune response against the beta cells in pancreas resulting in destruction of beta cells

A

INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS (IDDM)

50
Q

• Self-reactive cytotoxic T cells (CLTs) against the beta cells migrate to areas of beta cells in pancreas

A

INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS (IDDM)

51
Q

• Autoantibodies to beta cells may activate the complement cascade and destroy beta cells.

A

INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS (IDDM)

52
Q

INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS (IDDM) HLA

A

• HLA DR3, DR4, DQ2, and DQ8

53
Q

• Occurs in the neuromuscular junctions (site where the muscle and the nerve connects)

A

MYASTHENIA GRAVIS

54
Q

• Binding of autoantibodies to acetylcholine receptors on the muscle cells

A

MYASTHENIA GRAVIS

55
Q

• Leads to breakdown in the normal communication between nerves and muscles

A

MYASTHENIA GRAVIS

56
Q

• Causes breakdown and fatigue of any muscle

A

MYASTHENIA GRAVIS

57
Q

• The autoimmune responses are directed against self antigens present in many organs and tissues of the body resulting in widespread tissue damage to the host.

A

ORGAN NONSPECIFIC AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE

58
Q

• Most prevalent autoimmune disease in developed countries.

A

SYSTEMATIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS

59
Q

• Patients develop autoantibodies to a number of self-antigens

A

SYSTEMATIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS

60
Q

• The most common autoantibody found in the serum of SLE patients is the

A

autoantibody to double stranded DNA (dsDNA)

61
Q

• Multiorgan system disease

A

SYSTEMATIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS

62
Q

• Anilbodies may belong to lgG or IgM

A

SYSTEMATIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS

63
Q

• Immune complex deposition and subsequent complement activation leads to the tissue destruction.

A

SYSTEMATIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS

64
Q

• Serum level of C3 and C4 are reported/increased

A

SYSTEMATIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS

65
Q

• Malar rash (butterfly rush)

A

SYSTEMATIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS

66
Q

• Seen in 46-65 of SLE patients

A

Malar rash (butterfly rush)

67
Q

• Red or purplish and mild and scaly

A

SYSTEMATIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS

68
Q

SYSTEMATIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS HLA

A

• HLA-DR3

69
Q

INTERACTION OF AUTOANTIBODIES WITH SPECIFIC SELF-ANTIGEN

70
Q

• A chronic systematic inflammatory disease primarily involving the joints

A

RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

71
Q

• The serum and synovial fluid contain

A

rheumatoid factor

72
Q

• Rheumatoid factors are synthesized within

A

lymphoid infiltrates

73
Q

activates the complement

A

• Rheumatoid factor-immunoglobulin complex

74
Q

• Pain occurs in small joint and later in large joints

A

RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

75
Q

• Advance cases –

A

joint deformities

76
Q

• Invasive pannus (inflammation) consists of macrophages, mast cells and fibroblasts

A

RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

77
Q

• Synovial fluid contains organized lymphoid tissues (CD4+ T Cell, B cells and macrophages) – same w/ formation of tumor

A

RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

78
Q

• Increase neutrophil count in synovial fluid - Differential count

A

RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

79
Q

• An autoimmune disease of central nervous system

A

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

80
Q

• involves auto reactive T cells

A

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

81
Q

• Self-reactive T cells are present in the periphery of the host

A

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

82
Q

• Injuries may lead the brain exposed to self-reactive T cells

A

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

83
Q

• Self reactive T cells become activated and attack the brain tissues

A

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

84
Q

• Infiltrates of T cells may cause destruction of myelin sheath

A

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

85
Q

• Destruction of myelin sheath leads to numerous neurological dysfunctions

A

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

86
Q

• a chronic, progressive, inflammatory disease of unknown etiology.

A

ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS

87
Q

• The disease primarily affects the sacroiliac joints, vertebral joints, and large peripheral

A

ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS

88
Q

• Can cause some of the vertebrae in the spine to fuse

A

ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS

89
Q

• Affects men more often than women

A

ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS

90
Q

ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS
• Early signs and symptoms

A

o stiffness in vour lower back and hips
o neck pain and fatigue

91
Q

ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS
• The areas most commonly affected are:

A

o Sacroiliac joint
o The vertebrae in your lower back
o Entheses
o The cartilage
o between your breastbone and ribs

92
Q

ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS HLA

A

• HLA-B27

93
Q

HLA DR3, DR4, DQ2, and DQ8

94
Q

HLA-DR3

95
Q

HLA-B27

A

ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS

96
Q

• vertebral joints

A

ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS

97
Q

• neuromuscular junctions

A

MYASTHENIA GRAVIS

98
Q

• Brain tissue • Myelin sheath

A

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

99
Q

refers to undesirable immune reactions produced by the normal immune system.

A

• Hypersensitivity (Immunological reaction)

100
Q

: four types; based on the mechanisms involved and time taken for the reaction

A

• Hypersensitivity reactions

101
Q

Classification or Immumologic Reactions (Gell and Coombs)

102
Q

IgE (Rarely IgG4)

103
Q

Immediate

104
Q

IgG, IgM (Cell-Ag)

105
Q

Cytotoxic

106
Q

Ag-Ab complexes

107
Q

Immune complex

108
Q

T cells

109
Q

Cell-mediated

110
Q

Commonly called Allergy

A

TYPE 1 (IMMEDIATE) HYPERSENSITIVITY

111
Q

Mediated by IgE antibodies produced by plasma cells in response to stimulation of Th2 cells by an Antigens

A

TYPE 1 (IMMEDIATE) HYPERSENSITIVITY

112
Q

Exposure maybe ingested, inhalation, injection, or direct contact

A

TYPE 1 (IMMEDIATE) HYPERSENSITIVITY

113
Q

Can be systemic or localized to a specific target tissue or organ

A

TYPE 1 (IMMEDIATE) HYPERSENSITIVITY

IMMUNE 1 LEC (28 decks)

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