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IMMUNE 1 LEC > AUTOIMMUNITY > Flashcards

AUTOIMMUNITY Flashcards

1
Q

is a problem of self/non-self discrimination

A

Autoimmunity

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2
Q

Breakdown of the immune system’s ability to discriminate between self and nonself

A

Autoimmunity

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3
Q

• A varied group of chronic illnesses that involves almost every human organ system

A
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4
Q

• Seen when demonstrable immunoglobulins of cytotoxic T cells display specificity for self antigen that contribute to pathogenesis of a cell disorder

A

Autoimmune disorder

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5
Q

• Characterized by persistent activation of immunologic effector mechanism

A

Autoimmune disorder

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6
Q

Antigens that do not normally circulate the blood

A
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7
Q

Altered antigens that arise because of chemical, physical or biological processes.

A
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8
Q

A foreign Antigen that is shared with self antigen and tissue component

A
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9
Q

Mutation of immunocompetent cells

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10
Q

Loss of immunoregulatory function of T lymphocyte subset

A
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11
Q

• The autoimmune response are directed against antigens present only in a particular organ

A

ORGAN SPECIFIC AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE

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12
Q

• The autoantibodies bind to self antigen to the organ cells and lead to the destruction of cells

A

ORGAN SPECIFIC AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE

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13
Q

• the autoantibodies bind to self-antigens on cells and lead to either overstimulation of the cell or suppression of the normal functioning of the cells

A

ORGAN SPECIFIC AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE

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14
Q

• auto antibodies to self- RBCs are formed

A

AUTOIMMUNE HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA

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15
Q

• The autoantibodies bind to antigens on RBCs and lead to the lysis of RBCs (due to complement activation)

A

AUTOIMMUNE HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA

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16
Q

• Maybe be caused by drugs (cephalosporins, dapsone)

A

AUTOIMMUNE HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA

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17
Q

o Acts as haptens (incomplete antigen; needs a carrier RBC)

A

cephalosporins, dapsone

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18
Q

• The drug-RBC antigen complex induces the immune system to produce antibodies.

A

AUTOIMMUNE HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA

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19
Q

• Lead to the activation of complement

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20
Q

Other causes of AIHA

A
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21
Q

• Antibodies reactive to body temperature (37°C)

A

Warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia

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22
Q

• IgG and complement coats the RBC

A

Warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia

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23
Q

• Cold reactive IgM reacts with RBC

A

Cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia

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24
Q

• Room temperature (32°C)

A

Cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia

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25
• IgG protein reacts with RBC in colder parts of the body producing complement component binding
Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria
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• a chronic disease resulting from the non-absorption of vitamin B12 (essential for RBC development)
PERNICIOUS ANEMIA
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• Results to inability to secrete intrinsic factor (IF)
PERNICIOUS ANEMIA
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most common in late adult life
PERNICIOUS ANEMIA
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• The basic abnormality of the disease is severe atrophic gastritis
PERNICIOUS ANEMIA
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Presence of Intrinsic Factor-blocking antibody is diagnostic of PA
PERNICIOUS ANEMIA
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• Autoantibodies to platelets bind to many of the major platelet membrane glycoproteins
IDIOPATHIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA
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are the major antigens with which the platelet autoantibodies bind
• Platelet GpIIb /IIIa and GPIb/IX
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• The antibody coated platelets are destroyed
IDIOPATHIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA
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• The number of platelets drastically decrease
IDIOPATHIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA
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• Classic symptoms: petechiae, bruising and bleeding after minor trauma
IDIOPATHIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA
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• Autoantibodies to certain antigens on the membrane of kidney glomeruli and lung alveoli are formed
GOODPASTEUR SYNDROME
37
• Complement activation is evident after autoantibody bind membrane antigen
GOODPASTEUR SYNDROME
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• This may result in an inflammatory reactions in lungs and kidney
GOODPASTEUR SYNDROME
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• The kidneys may be damage or patients may suffer from pulmonary hemorrhage
GOODPASTEUR SYNDROME
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• Bleeding in the lungs are seen
GOODPASTEUR SYNDROME
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• Chronic autoimmune thyroiditis
HASHIMOTO'S THYROIDITIS
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• Autoantibodies against many thyroid proteins and T cells are formed
HASHIMOTO'S THYROIDITIS
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• Clinical picture: o Goiter o Hypothyroidism o Thyroid autoantibodies o Hyperplasia
HASHIMOTO'S THYROIDITIS
44
Symptoms of hypothyroiditis
Dry skin, decrease sweating, puffy face, edematous eyelids, weight gain (decrease in T3 and T4 slows down metabolism) and brittle hair
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• Autoantibodies on thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors bind to TSH receptors on thyroid
GRAVE’S DISEASE
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• Leads to overproduction of thyroid hormones
GRAVE’S DISEASE
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• May produce Hyperthyroidism
GRAVE’S DISEASE
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GRAVE’S DISEASE • Causes
Grave ophthalmopathy and Grave’s dermopathy
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• A condition caused by autoimmune response against the beta cells in pancreas resulting in destruction of beta cells
INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS (IDDM)
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• Self-reactive cytotoxic T cells (CLTs) against the beta cells migrate to areas of beta cells in pancreas
INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS (IDDM)
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• Autoantibodies to beta cells may activate the complement cascade and destroy beta cells.
INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS (IDDM)
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INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS (IDDM) HLA
• HLA DR3, DR4, DQ2, and DQ8
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• Occurs in the neuromuscular junctions (site where the muscle and the nerve connects)
MYASTHENIA GRAVIS
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• Binding of autoantibodies to acetylcholine receptors on the muscle cells
MYASTHENIA GRAVIS
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• Leads to breakdown in the normal communication between nerves and muscles
MYASTHENIA GRAVIS
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• Causes breakdown and fatigue of any muscle
MYASTHENIA GRAVIS
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• The autoimmune responses are directed against self antigens present in many organs and tissues of the body resulting in widespread tissue damage to the host.
ORGAN NONSPECIFIC AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE
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• Most prevalent autoimmune disease in developed countries.
SYSTEMATIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS
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• Patients develop autoantibodies to a number of self-antigens
SYSTEMATIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS
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• The most common autoantibody found in the serum of SLE patients is the
autoantibody to double stranded DNA (dsDNA)
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• Multiorgan system disease
SYSTEMATIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS
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• Anilbodies may belong to lgG or IgM
SYSTEMATIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS
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• Immune complex deposition and subsequent complement activation leads to the tissue destruction.
SYSTEMATIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS
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• Serum level of C3 and C4 are reported/increased
SYSTEMATIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS
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• Malar rash (butterfly rush)
SYSTEMATIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS
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• Seen in 46-65 of SLE patients
Malar rash (butterfly rush)
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• Red or purplish and mild and scaly
SYSTEMATIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS
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SYSTEMATIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS HLA
• HLA-DR3
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INTERACTION OF AUTOANTIBODIES WITH SPECIFIC SELF-ANTIGEN
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• A chronic systematic inflammatory disease primarily involving the joints
RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
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• The serum and synovial fluid contain
rheumatoid factor
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• Rheumatoid factors are synthesized within
lymphoid infiltrates
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activates the complement
• Rheumatoid factor-immunoglobulin complex
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• Pain occurs in small joint and later in large joints
RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
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• Advance cases –
joint deformities
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• Invasive pannus (inflammation) consists of macrophages, mast cells and fibroblasts
RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
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• Synovial fluid contains organized lymphoid tissues (CD4+ T Cell, B cells and macrophages) – same w/ formation of tumor
RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
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• Increase neutrophil count in synovial fluid - Differential count
RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
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• An autoimmune disease of central nervous system
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
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• involves auto reactive T cells
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
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• Self-reactive T cells are present in the periphery of the host
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
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• Injuries may lead the brain exposed to self-reactive T cells
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
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• Self reactive T cells become activated and attack the brain tissues
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
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• Infiltrates of T cells may cause destruction of myelin sheath
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
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• Destruction of myelin sheath leads to numerous neurological dysfunctions
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
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• a chronic, progressive, inflammatory disease of unknown etiology.
ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS
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• The disease primarily affects the sacroiliac joints, vertebral joints, and large peripheral
ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS
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• Can cause some of the vertebrae in the spine to fuse
ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS
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• Affects men more often than women
ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS
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ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS • Early signs and symptoms
o stiffness in vour lower back and hips o neck pain and fatigue
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ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS • The areas most commonly affected are:
o Sacroiliac joint o The vertebrae in your lower back o Entheses o The cartilage o between your breastbone and ribs
92
ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS HLA
• HLA-B27
93
HLA DR3, DR4, DQ2, and DQ8
IDDM
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HLA-DR3
SLE
95
HLA-B27
ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS
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• vertebral joints
ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS
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• neuromuscular junctions
MYASTHENIA GRAVIS
98
• Brain tissue • Myelin sheath
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
99
refers to undesirable immune reactions produced by the normal immune system.
• Hypersensitivity (Immunological reaction)
100
: four types; based on the mechanisms involved and time taken for the reaction
• Hypersensitivity reactions
101
Classification or Immumologic Reactions (Gell and Coombs)
102
IgE (Rarely IgG4)
I
103
Immediate
I
104
IgG, IgM (Cell-Ag)
II
105
Cytotoxic
II
106
Ag-Ab complexes
III
107
Immune complex
III
108
T cells
IV
109
Cell-mediated
IV
110
Commonly called Allergy
TYPE 1 (IMMEDIATE) HYPERSENSITIVITY
111
Mediated by IgE antibodies produced by plasma cells in response to stimulation of Th2 cells by an Antigens
TYPE 1 (IMMEDIATE) HYPERSENSITIVITY
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Exposure maybe ingested, inhalation, injection, or direct contact
TYPE 1 (IMMEDIATE) HYPERSENSITIVITY
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Can be systemic or localized to a specific target tissue or organ
TYPE 1 (IMMEDIATE) HYPERSENSITIVITY

IMMUNE 1 LEC (28 decks)

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