Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

IMMUNE 1 LEC > BACTERIAL INFECTIONS - SEROLOGICAL TESTS FOR SYPHILIS > Flashcards

BACTERIAL INFECTIONS - SEROLOGICAL TESTS FOR SYPHILIS Flashcards

1
Q
  • Microscopic due to absence of visualizing agent
A

VDRL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q
  • Both a qualitative and quantitative slide flocculation test for serum and spinal fluid (neurosyphilis)
A

VDRL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Antigen (reagent) consists:

A
  1. CARDIOLIPIN (0.03%)
  2. Lecithin (0.21%)
  3. Cholesterol (0.9%)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Serves as Ag

A
  1. CARDIOLIPIN (0.03%)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Main reacting component

A
  1. CARDIOLIPIN (0.03%)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Neutralize the anti-complementary properties of cardiolipin

A
  1. Lecithin (0.21%)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Increase the reactive surface and complement fixing capacity of cardiolipin

A
  1. Cholesterol (0.9%)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
  • Unknown is reagin Ab, w/c specifically reacts w/ cardiolipin
A

VDRL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Inactivated serum: [?]

A

56°C heat for 30 mins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

to destroy the complement

A

Inactivated serum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Volume of the sample:

A

50 ul

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Serum:

A

14mm slide with ceramic ring
o 180 rpm for 4 mins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Spinal fluid:

A

16 mm in diameter and 1.75mm depth
o 180 rpm for 8 mins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q
  • Qualitative Serum VDRL:
A

18-gauge needle without bevel that will deliver 60 drops of antigen suspension per mL; Ring: 14mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
  • Quantitative Serum VDRL:
A

19-gauge needle without bevel that will deliver 75 drops of antigen suspension per mL; 23-gauge needle that with or without bevel will deliver 100 drops of saline per mL; Ring: 14mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
  • CSF VDRL:
A

21- or 22-gauge needle that will deliver 100 drops per mL; Ring: 16 mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Macroscopic due to presence of charcoal as visualizing agent

A

RPR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Unheated serum

A

RPR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Standard test for screening Syphilis

A

RPR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

RPR Principle:

A

RPR Ag + 1egain (if present) will combine with lipids and coagglutinates with charcoal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

RPR Endpoint:

A

Flocculation (black clumps)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Modified VDRL Ag - reagent

A

RPR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q
  1. Original VDRL Ag (?)
A

CARDIOLIPIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Main reacting component in RPR

A

CARDIOLIPIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

: enhances the ability of the suspension by inhibiting the oxidation of lipids

A
  1. Na2EDTA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

: visualizing agt

A
  1. CHARCOAL
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

: buffers the suspension

A
  1. PHOSPHATE
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

: preservative

A
  1. THIMEROSAL
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

also inactivates the complement

A
  1. THIMEROSAL
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

: eliminates the need for heating because it inactivates the inhibitors in serum or plasma

A
  1. CHOLINE CHLORIDE
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Primarily inactivates the complement

A
  1. CHOLINE CHLORIDE
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

FTA-ABS Principle:

A

Indirect IF test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

FTA-ABS Unknown:

A

Ab

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

FTA-ABS Indicator label:

A

FITC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Heat inactivated patient serum reacts with Sorbent consisting of Nonpathogenic treponemes (?)

A

Reiter strain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

to remove cross-reactivity

A

Reiter strain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Perform indirect IF using pathogenic strain (?) fixed to slide

A

Nichols strain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

FTA-ABS (+) result

A

(+) Green fluorescence = Presence of Anti-T. pallidum Ab

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

T. pallidum subspecies pallidum causes:

A

Syphilis
Bejel
Pinta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Use [?] to remove crossreactivity to other diseases and confirm syphilis

A

reiter strain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

If Anti-T. pallidum Ab is present, it will react with/ [?]

A

Nichols strain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

HEMAGGLUTINATION TESTS Principle:

A

Agglutination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

RBCs are sensitized with Nichols strain

A

HEMAGGLUTINATION TESTS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

HEMAGGLUTINATION TESTS Reactive result:

A

sooth matte at the bottom of the reaction well

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

HEMAGGLUTINATION TESTS Nonreactive result:

A

compact button of cells with or without a hole in the center

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Only performed by reference lab requiring expertise

A

HEMAGGLUTINATION TESTS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q
  1. ТРНА:
A

Turkey erythrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q
  1. МНА-ТР:
A

Tanned sheep erythrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Lyme disease Clinical hallmark:

A

(chronicum/classic) Erythema migrans (EM)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Erythema migrans (EM) characteristics

A

Bull’s eye rash
Tick burrowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Lyme disease bacterial agent

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Lyme disease Vector:

A

Ixodes scapularis tick – reduviid bug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

MOT: vector-borne

A

Lyme disease

53
Q

Survives in hot temperature

A

Ixodes scapularis tick – reduviid bug

54
Q

Resembles signs and symptoms of stroke (facial palsy), gouty arthritis (swollen knee)

A

Lyme disease

55
Q

Febrile disease – extremely high fever (what temp range?)

A

> 37.5oC or 39 to 40oC

56
Q

Group A Streptococcus agent

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

57
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes causes:

A
  1. URTI –pharyngitis: main infection
  2. Necrotizing fasciitis: flesh-eating bacteria
  3. Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome
  4. Streptococcal pyoderma (impetigo)
  5. Scarlet fever
  6. Erysipelas
58
Q

(following infection after main infection)

A

sequelae

59
Q

Most important sequelae

A
  1. Acute Rheumatic fever
  2. Post streptococcal Glomerulonephritis
60
Q

Acute Rheumatic fever

develops as a sequela to pharyngitis or tonsillitis in [?] of infected individuals.

A

2 to 3 percent

61
Q

Acute Rheumatic fever

period is typically [?] after onset of the sore throat.

A

1 to 3 weeks

62
Q

Characteristic features of acute rheumatic fever include

A

fever inflammation in the joints, and inflammation of the heart

63
Q

Acute Rheumatic fever Virulent factor:

A

M protein

64
Q

attaches itself to heart valves; forms Ab against M protein where it attaches leading to Ag-Ab reaction; attacks the heart

A

M protein

65
Q

• condition characterized by damage to the glomeruli in the kidney due to the deposition of Ab-streptococcal immune complexes

A

Post streptococcal Glomerulonephritis

66
Q

Kidneys: filters the blood
Glomerulus - first filtering part
Ag-Ab does not pass thru and accumulates in the glomerulus
Result: Nephritis

A

Post streptococcal Glomerulonephritis

67
Q

Immunologic Features

A
  1. Lipoteichoic Acid
  2. Protein F
  3. M Proteins
68
Q

: adheres to epithelial cells ‘

A
  1. Lipoteichoic Acid
69
Q

: adheres to epithelial cells

A
  1. Protein F
70
Q

: anti-phagocytic, mimic proteins on the heart valve

A
  1. M Proteins
71
Q

(Virulence Factors: substances that can produce Abs against)

A

Immunologic Features

72
Q

Cannot be easily recognized by the immune system

A

M Proteins

73
Q

Mimics the protein on the heart valve

A

M Proteins

74
Q

Extracellular products - aka

A

exoantigens

75
Q

Extracellular products

A

• Hemolysins (Streptolysin O and S)
• Hyaluronidase
• DNAse
• Streptokinase
• Erythrogenic toxin

76
Q
  • spreading factor
A

Hyaluronidase

77
Q

– exoantigen tested in the sero lab

A

DNAse

78
Q

causes scarlet fever

A

Erythrogenic toxin

79
Q

Strawberry tongue

A

Erythrogenic toxin

80
Q

Ag or Ab

  • Reagent
A

ANTIGEN

81
Q

Ag or Ab

  • Unknown in the px
A

ANTIBODY

82
Q

Whole or processed B. burgdorferi

A

IFA

83
Q

Anti-Borrelia antibody from patient, antihuman globulin with fluorescent tag

A

IFA

84
Q

Difficult to perform

A

IFA

85
Q

Sonicated B. burgdorferi

A

EIA

86
Q

Anti-Borrelia antibody from patient, antihuman globulin with enzyme tag

A

EIA

87
Q

Easy to perform

A

EIA

88
Q

Purified flagellin protein

A

EIA

89
Q

Antiflagellin antibody from patient, antihuman globulin with enzyme tag

A

EIA

90
Q

Easy to perform; highly specific; sensitive in early Lyme disease

A

EIA

91
Q

C6 peptide

A

EIA

92
Q

Conserved region of surface lipoprotein (VlsE)

A

EIA

93
Q

Easy to perform; highly specific; initial studies promising; sensitive in early and late Lyme disease

A

EIA

94
Q

Patient DNA matched to Borrelia DNA

A

DNA probe

95
Q

Ag: None

A

DNA probe

96
Q

Technically demanding, very specific; lacks sensitivity

A
97
Q

ANTISTREPTOLYSIN O TEST (ASTO/ASO) Principle:

A

based on the neutralization of the hemolytic activity of streptolysin O

98
Q

ANTISTREPTOLYSIN O TEST (ASTO/ASO) Principle in the lab:

A

Latex Agglutination

99
Q

If a patient’s serum containing antistreptolysin O Ab is added to the streptolysin Rgt, an Ag-Ab reaction occurs causing the neutralization of the toxin

A

ANTISTREPTOLYSIN O TEST (ASTO/ASO)

100
Q

ANTISTREPTOLYSIN O TEST (ASTO/ASO)

Positive result:

Negative result:

A

Positive result: NO LYSIS

Negative result: Hemolysis

101
Q

Patient serum: w/ anti-SLO Ab
Reagent:
1. SLO
-SLO + anti-SLO = Ag-Ab binding
-SLO rgt will be neutralized
2. RBC (indicator)
-Di papansinin
-(+) Result: No lysis due to presence of anti-SLO Ab

What is the result?

A

Positive result: NO LYSIS

102
Q

Patient serum: w/o anti-SLO Ab
Reagent:
3. SLO
-No neutralization
-SLO rgt will be hydrolyzed
4. RBC (indicator)
-SLO + RBC = Lyse
-(+) Result: Lysis due to absence of anti-SLO Ab

What is the result?

A

Negative result: Hemolysis

103
Q

– caused by toxin or SLO

A

o Dirty purple

104
Q

– caused by complement

A

o “vin rose” / red lysis

105
Q

What tube is (+) control in ASO?

A

Tube 13

106
Q

What tube is (-) control in ASO?

A

Tube 14

107
Q

is the RBC control (no hemolysis)

A

Tube 13

108
Q

is the SLO control (hemolysis)

A

Tube 14

109
Q

ASO

Prepare [?] tubes

A

14

110
Q

ASO Serum Dilution

A

0.5ml serum + 4.5ml of diluent

111
Q

ASO Normal:

A

Titer of 166 Todd units or below (0-166)

112
Q

ASO Moderately elevated
-Adult:
-Child:

A

240 Todd units

320 Todd units

113
Q

o Passive agglutination

A

ASO Latex Agglutination Slide Method

114
Q

ASO Latex Agglutination Slide Method NV:

A

<200IU/mL

115
Q

ASO Latex Agglutination Slide Method
(+) Result:

A

Agglutination

116
Q

ASO Latex Agglutination Slide Method False (+) on px w/

A

braces

117
Q

ANTI-DNASE B TESTING Principle:

A

Neutralization

118
Q

ANTI-DNASE B TESTING

If [?] is present, it will neutralize the rgt [?]

A

Anti-DNAse B Ab

DNASE B

119
Q

ANTI-DNASE B TESTING Positive result:

A

green complex (Intact DNAmethyl green conjugate because no hydrolysis)

120
Q

ANTI-DNASE B TESTING Negative result:

A

hydrolysis of the green conjugate to colorless

121
Q

Reagents:
1. DNASE B
2. DNASE B rgt will not be neutralized due to absence of Ab DNAmethyl green
- DNASE B rgt has now the capability to hydrolyze the DNAmethyl green resulting to a colorless cpd
-(-) Result: due to absence of Anti-DNAse B

What is the result?

A

Positive result: green complex (Intact DNAmethyl green conjugate because no hydrolysis)

122
Q

Reagents:
1. DNASE B = Ag-Ab binding
- DNASE B rgt will be neutralized
2. DNAmethyl green
- Cannot be hydrolysed since it is bound to Ab

What is the result?

A

Negative result: hydrolysis of the green conjugate to colorless

123
Q

slide agglutination screening test

A

STREPTOZYME TESTING

124
Q

detection of antibodies to several streptococcal antigens

A

STREPTOZYME TESTING

125
Q

STREPTOZYME TESTING

Sheep red blood cells are coated with

A

streptolysin, streptokinase, hyaluronidase, DNase, and NADase

126
Q

STREPTOZYME TESTING
Positive test:

A

Hemagglutination

127
Q

false positives

A

IFA

EIA

128
Q

subjective

A

IFA

129
Q

more sensitive than IFA

A

EIA

IMMUNE 1 LEC (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions