Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

IMMUNE 1 LEC > CHAPTER 6.3 - PRECIPITATION > Flashcards

CHAPTER 6.3 - PRECIPITATION Flashcards

1
Q

•combination of (?) plays an important role in the laboratory in diagnosing many different diseases.

A

antigen with specific antibody

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

have been developed to detect either antigen or antibody, and they vary from easily

A

Immunoassays

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Immunoassays are based on the principles of

A

precipitation or agglutination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Initial force of attraction that exist between singe Fab site (paratope) and a single epitope on the corresponding antigen

A

Affinity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

1 fab + 1 epitope
(Ab) (Ag)

A

Affinity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Sum of all attractive forces between an Ag and Ab

A

Avidity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Dictates the overall stability of the Ag-Ab complex

A

Avidity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Multivalent Ab=Multivalent Ag

A

Avidity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Types of Affinity

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

electrovalent bond (ionic charge in a chemical soln)

A

Ionic bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Hydrogen bridging

A

Hydrogen bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

major bond demonstrated by an Ag and Ab

A

Hydrophobic bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

combination between an ionic and a hydrophobic bond

A

Van der Waals forces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Antibody

A

Precipitin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Soluble antigens

A

Precipitinogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Insoluble complexes formed by the union of the two aforementioned

A

Precipitate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Natural clumping

A

Flocculation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Major Immunoglobulins Involved

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Much better precipitating Ab than IgM

A

IgG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Much better agglutinating Ab than IgG

A

IgM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Precipitation:

A

IgG>IgM>IgA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Nonprecipitating

A

IgE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

FACTORS AFFECTING PRECIPITATION

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The pH of the medium used for testing should be near physiologic conditions, or an optimum pH of

A

6.5 to 7.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Ideal: Temperature and Length of Incubation

A

Body temperature (37C/98.6F)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

37C; warm reacting

A

IgG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

40-45C; cold reacting

A

40-45C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Incubation time range from

A

15-60 minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

involves combining soluble antigen with soluble antibody to produce insoluble complexes that are visible

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

first noted in 1897 by Kraus

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

: All antigen-antibody binding is reversible and free reactants are in equilibrium with bound reactants

A

Law of Mass Action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

So that maximum precipitation occurs, Ag and Ab concentration must have an

A

optimum ratio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Ag and Ab are equal, therefore (?) occur

A

max precipitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

More Ab (patient) excess than Ag

A

prozone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

remedy: Serum dilution

A

prozone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Ag excess, less Ab (Patient) may lead to false negative

A

postzone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Remedy: Repeat the test after a week to give time for antibody production

A

postzone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

PRECIPITATION REACTIONS

A

PRECIPITATION IN A FLUID MEDIUM
PRECIPITATION BY A PASSIVE IMMUNODIFFUSION
PRECIPITATION BY ELECTROPHOTERIC TECHNIQUES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Precipitation in a Fluid Medium

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

measure of the turbidity or cloudiness of a solution

A

Turbidimetry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

measures the reduction in light intensity due to reflection, absorption, or scatter

A

Turbidimetry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

measures the light that is scattered at a particular angle from the incident beam

A

Nephelometry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

amount of light scattered is an index of the solution’s concentration

A

Nephelometry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Ag-Ab complex may be observed in a support media (Agarose gel)

A

Precipitation by a Passive Immunodiffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Passive: No electric current is used to speed up reaction of the Ag and Ab combination, but through DIFFUSION

A

Precipitation by a Passive Immunodiffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Factors affecting rate of diffusion

A

o Size of the particles
o Temperature
o Gel viscosity
o Amount of Hydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Precipitation in Gel Medium

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

• Only one reactant is moving

A

Single Diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

• Either Ag or Ab is moving

A

Single Diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

• Both Ag and Ab are moving through the medium

A

Double Diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

• Reaction in tubes- Ag or Ab migrate up and down

A

Single Dimension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

• Petri dish – Ag or Ab diffuse radially

A

Double Dimension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

• Ab is uniformly distribute in a support gel and Ag is applied to a well cut into gel.

A

Radial Immunodiffusions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Types of Radial Immunodiffusions

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Oudin

A

Single DiffusionSingle Dimension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Macini, Fahey, and MacKelvey

A

Single DiffusionDouble Dimension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Single DiffusionSingle Dimension (Oudin)
Procedure:
1. Ab mixed in (?)
2. Antigen dilution is overlaid ([?]must always be greater to achieve zone of equivalence)
3. (?) diffuses through the gel, containing immobilized Ab forming insoluble Ag-Ab Complexes.
4. At equivalence concentration, the Ag stops moving and a (?) is formed.

A

agarose

Ag

Mobile Ag

stabilized band

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Single DiffusionDouble Dimension (Macini, Fahey, and MacKelvey)
Procedure:
1. Ab is mixed with liquid agar and poured into the (?)
2. Circular wells cut in (?)
3. Ag is loaded into the (?)
4. (?) expands from the well as Ag diffuses toward its equilibrium concentration
5. (?) is measured.

A

petri dish

gel

wells

Ring precipitate

Diameter of the disc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Single DiffusionDouble Dimension (Macini, Fahey, and MacKelvey) Types:

A

A. Mancini/Endpoint Method

B. Fahey and McKelvey/Kinetic method

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Diameter= Ag Concentration

A

Mancini/Endpoint Method

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Diameter= Logarithm Ag Concentration

A

Fahey and McKelvey/Kinetic method

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Both Ag and Ab diffuse independently through a semisolid medium in 2 dimension

A

Ouchterlony Double Diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

Ouchterlony Double Diffusion
Procedure
1. Pattern of well in cut in an (?)
2. (?) are loaded
3. Incubated until lines are (?)

A

agarose gel in petri dish

Reactants

precipitated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

Possible Patterns in Ouchterlony Double Diffusion:

A

A. Serological Identity: Identical Ag
B. Non-Indentity: Ag are serologically distinct
C. Partial Identity: Ag are not identical but do possess common determinants.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

: Identical Ag

A

A. Serological Identity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

: Ag are serologically distinct

A

B. Non-Indentity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

: Ag are not identical but do possess common determinants.

A

C. Partial Identity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

Important in lab tests

A

Specificity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

technique in which molecules with a net charge are separated when an electric field applied

A

Electrophoresis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

Negative charged particles (anions) migrate to the

A

ANODE (Postive (+) Pole)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

Positive charged particles (cations) migrate to the

A

CATHODE (Negative (-) pole)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE RATE OF PROTEIN MIGRATION

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

size, harder to migrate

A

↑

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

Solubility of the protein

A

AMOUNT OF SOLVATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

viscous, harder to migrate

A

↑

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

PH OF BUFFER

A

> 8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

• Room temperature

A

TEMPERATURE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

• Protein will denature once it is exposed to high temperature

A

TEMPERATURE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

flow of ions goes toward the cathode and can impede movement of proteins toward the anode

A

ENDOOSMOSIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

DIFFERENT TESTS FOR ELECTROPHORESIS

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

Single reactant moving in one dimension

A
  1. ROCKET IMMUNOELECTROPHORESIS
82
Q

Laurell Technique (1960)

A
  1. ROCKET IMMUNOELECTROPHORESIS
83
Q

Radial immunodiffusion (RID) + electrophoresis

A
  1. ROCKET IMMUNOELECTROPHORESIS
84
Q

End result: precipitin line that is conical in shape, resembling a rocket

A
  1. ROCKET IMMUNOELECTROPHORESIS
85
Q

The height of the rocket, measured from the well to the apex, is directly in proportion to the amount of antigen in the sample.

A
  1. ROCKET IMMUNOELECTROPHORESIS
86
Q

This technique has been used to quantitate immunoglobulins, using a buffer of pH 8.6

A
  1. ROCKET IMMUNOELECTROPHORESIS
87
Q
  1. ROCKET IMMUNOELECTROPHORESIS

Procedure:
1. Antigen is pushed through antibody containing gel under influence of an applied (?)
2. When they are equivalence, precipitation will occur forming a (?)

A

electric field (EC)

cone/ rocket shape band

88
Q

Reactant: Ag (mobile; sample) o Cut thru the gel to make wells where the Ags will be placed o Apply EC, allowing migration of Ag to the anode
Reagent: Ab (immobile; incorporated in the gel)

A
  1. ROCKET IMMUNOELECTROPHORESIS
89
Q

Single reactant moving in 2 dimensions

A
  1. CROSSED IMMUNOELECTROPHORESIS
90
Q

Either Ag or Ab will move (radially)

A
  1. CROSSED IMMUNOELECTROPHORESIS
91
Q

Ressler’s method

A
  1. CROSSED IMMUNOELECTROPHORESIS
92
Q

Either Ag or Ab will move (up or down)

A
  1. ROCKET IMMUNOELECTROPHORESIS
93
Q
  1. CROSSED IMMUNOELECTROPHORESIS

Procedure:
1. Proteins are separated by (?)
2. Proteins are subjected to a 2nd electrophoresis where they will move through a (?) until rocket is formed (AgAb reach equivalence)

A

electrophoresis

Ab-containing agarose

94
Q

Reactant: Ag (immobile)
Reagent: Ab (mobile)

A
  1. CROSSED IMMUNOELECTROPHORESIS
95
Q

Anode: Ab – migrates toward the cathode

A
  1. COUNTER IMMUNOELECTROPHORESIS (COUNTERCURRENT ELECTROPHORESIS)
96
Q

Cathode: Ag – migrates toward the anode

A
  1. COUNTER IMMUNOELECTROPHORESIS (COUNTERCURRENT ELECTROPHORESIS)
97
Q

Zone of equivalence will form a precipitate

A
  1. COUNTER IMMUNOELECTROPHORESIS (COUNTERCURRENT ELECTROPHORESIS)
98
Q

SPECIFICITY is important

A
  1. COUNTER IMMUNOELECTROPHORESIS (COUNTERCURRENT ELECTROPHORESIS)
99
Q

Voltage Facilitated double immunodiffusions

A
  1. COUNTER IMMUNOELECTROPHORESIS (COUNTERCURRENT ELECTROPHORESIS)
100
Q

DOUBLE: Double reactants moving in one dimension

A
  1. COUNTER IMMUNOELECTROPHORESIS (COUNTERCURRENT ELECTROPHORESIS)
101
Q

Use: Identify bacterial, fungi or virus in fluids

A
  1. COUNTER IMMUNOELECTROPHORESIS (COUNTERCURRENT ELECTROPHORESIS)
102
Q
  1. COUNTER IMMUNOELECTROPHORESIS (COUNTERCURRENT ELECTROPHORESIS)
    Procedure:
  2. Ag and Ab are added to separate parallel wells cut out in an (?)
  3. When an electric field is applied, the Ag will migrate to the (?) and Ab to the (?)
  4. Zone of equivalence will form a (?)
A

agar gel

Anode; cathode

precipitate

103
Q

Cathode (+) to Anode (–)

A

Albumin (fastest, lightest) → a-1 globulin → a-2 globulin → b- globulin → y- globulin (immunoglobulin)

104
Q

Grabar and Williams

A
  1. CLASSIC IMMUNOELETROPHORESIS
105
Q

Double reactants moving in 2 dimensions

A
  1. CLASSIC IMMUNOELETROPHORESIS
106
Q

Both Ag or Ab will move (radially)

A
  1. CLASSIC IMMUNOELETROPHORESIS
107
Q

Use: Differentiate the Ig Class, identify abnormal proteins, myeloma proteins (BJP), Monitor purity of pharmaceutical products

A
  1. CLASSIC IMMUNOELETROPHORESIS
108
Q

(+) Result: Any change in the shape of the arcs indicate abnormality

A
  1. CLASSIC IMMUNOELETROPHORESIS
109
Q
  1. CLASSIC IMMUNOELETROPHORESIS
    Procedure:
  2. Ag is introduced in a well and an electric field is applied resulting in (?)
  3. Ab is introduced in a (?) parallel to the separated protein
  4. (?) form
A

separation of proteins

trough

Ag-Ab complex

110
Q

Process by which particulate antigens (agglutinogen) such as cell aggregate to form larger complexes when a specific antibody (agglutinin) is present

A
111
Q

published the first report about the ability of antibody to clump cells, based on observations of agglutination of bacterial cells by serum

A

1896: Gruber and Durham

112
Q

This finding gave rise to the use of serology as a tool in the diagnosis of disease, and it also led to the discovery of the ABO blood groups

A

(Karl Landsteiner)

113
Q

2 STAGES OF AGGLUTINATION

A
114
Q

Antigen-Antibody reaction

A

SENSITIZATION

115
Q

No agglutination yet

A

SENSITIZATION

116
Q

Cross linking

A

LATTICE FORMATION

117
Q

Visible agglutination

A

LATTICE FORMATION

118
Q

Represents binding of Ag and Ab

A

SENSITIZATION

119
Q

Stabilization of antigen–antibody complexes with the binding together of multiple antigenic determinants.

A

SENSITIZATION

120
Q

Forms bridges between Ab and Ag

A

LATTICE FORMATION

121
Q

FACTORS THAT AFFECT AGGLUTINATION

A
122
Q

Buffer pH Routine:

A

pH 7 (close to physiological pH) 7.35 – 7.45

123
Q

Affects the zoning phenomenon

A

Relative concentration of Ag and Ab

124
Q

Abs will not detect determinants buried within the particle

A

Location and concentration of Antigenic determinants of the particle

125
Q

More number of determinants, the higher the likelihood of cross bridging

A

Location and concentration of Antigenic determinants of the particle

126
Q

Electrostatic interactions between particles

A

Non covalent interaction

127
Q

in the buffer plays an important role in agglutination

A

Electrolyte concentration (ionic strength)

128
Q

: charge bet RBC and the elctrolyte/ECF

A

Zeta potential

129
Q

Zeta potential

in RBC
outside the body

A

↑

↓

130
Q

reduce electrostatic charges that interfere with lattice formation

A

Electrolytes

131
Q

Antibody isotope Best: (dealing w/ particulate Ag)

A

IgM

132
Q

: Cold reacting (range 4-22oC)

A

IgM

133
Q

: Warm reacting with optimum temperature at 37oC

A

IgG

134
Q

Incubation times ranges from

A

15-60 minutes

135
Q

No agglutinates

A

0

136
Q

Dark, turbid, homogenous

A

0

137
Q

Many tiny agglutinates, many free cells, may not be visible without microscope

A

W+

138
Q

Dark, turbid

A

W+

139
Q

Many small agglutinates, many free cells (25% are agglutinated)

A

1+

140
Q

Turbid

A

1+

141
Q

Clear

A

2+

4+

2+

142
Q

Many medium sized agglutinins, moderate number of free cells

A

2+

143
Q

(50% are agglutinated)

A

2+

144
Q

Several large agglutinates, few free cells

A

3+

145
Q

(75% are agglutinated)

A

3+

146
Q

One large solid agglutination, no free

A

4+

147
Q

(100% are agglutinated)

A

4+

148
Q

Newer tests performed in the serolab

A
149
Q

categorized based on the labels being used

A
150
Q

EIA -
RIA -
FIA -

A
  • enzymes
  • radio isotopes
  • flourescence
151
Q

Opposite charge attracts, negative charge repels

A

Ionic bonds

152
Q

most of Ags are proteins (hydrophobic/waterfearing)

A

Hydrophobic bonds

153
Q

Result: Precipitate (smaller complexes)

A

Precipitin

154
Q

counterpart of precipitin

A

Precipitinogen

155
Q

Precipitin + precipitinogen =

A

precipitates

156
Q

Same w/ precipitation
Consistency: smoother
Result: Fleecy mass

A

Flocculation

157
Q

Monomer: precipitates

A

IgG

158
Q

Pentamer: agglutinates

A

IgM

159
Q

Precipitation : best

A

IgG

160
Q

lowest pH
physiologic conditions
optimum pH

A

6.5 to 7.5

161
Q

Blood pH:(ideal)

A

7.35 – 7.45

162
Q

IgG: warm-reacting

A

37oC or 98.6oF

163
Q

IgM: cold-reacting

A

40-45oC

164
Q

Much complicated procedure

A

PRECIPITATION

165
Q

Reversible esp. in Ag-Ab binding

A

PRECIPITATION

166
Q

Shows optimal reaction

A

Zone of equivalence

167
Q

Ag and Ab are equal

A

Zone of equivalence

168
Q

Leading to lattice formation (result: precipitates/agglutinates)

A

Zone of equivalence

169
Q

may lead to false negative

A

Prozone phenomenon

Postzone phenomenon

170
Q

Amount of light scattered =

A

Soln’s/analyte conc (Ag or Ab)

171
Q

Same w/ agar used in culture media w/ the exception of additional nutrients or inhibitors to be selective

A

passive immunodiffusion

172
Q

Ex. In chromatography – addition of soln to allow movement of reactant

A

DIFFUSION

173
Q

slower

A

↑ Size of the particles - slower
↓ Temperature - slower
↑ Gel viscosity - slower
↓ Amount of Hydration - slower

174
Q

Direction of movement

A

Single Dimension

175
Q

Single diffusion: Ag (moves)

A

Mancini/Endpoint Method

176
Q

Antigen is allowed to diffuse to completion

A

Mancini/Endpoint Method

177
Q

↑ Ag diffusion = ↑ Ag conc

A

Mancini/Endpoint Method

178
Q

occurs between 24 and 72 hours

A

Mancini/Endpoint Method

179
Q

Measures diameter of ring before Ag diffuses

A

Fahey and McKelvey/Kinetic method

180
Q

Antigen is not allowed to diffuse completely

A

Fahey and McKelvey/Kinetic method

181
Q

Mnemonic:
“FAK ME”

A

FA→Kinetic Mancini→Endpoint

182
Q

Ouchterlony Double Diffusion Types:

A
183
Q

Single diffusion: Ag (moves)

A

Mancini/Endpoint Method

184
Q

Antigen is allowed to diffuse to completion

A

Mancini/Endpoint Method

185
Q

↑ Ag diffusion = ↑ Ag conc

A

Mancini/Endpoint Method

186
Q

occurs between 24 and 72 hours

A

Mancini/Endpoint Method

187
Q

Measures diameter of ring before Ag diffuses

A

Fahey and McKelvey/Kinetic method

188
Q

Antigen is not allowed to diffuse completely

A

Fahey and McKelvey/Kinetic method

189
Q

Performed using petri dish

A

Double Diffusion

190
Q

Used to compare 2 Ags that are the same and capable of reacting w/ the
same Ab

A

Double Diffusion

191
Q

Fusion of the lines at their junction to form a smooth arc represents serological identity or the presence of a common epitope

A

Serological Identity: Identical Ag

192
Q

The arc indicates that the two antigens are identical.

A

Serological Identity: Identical Ag

193
Q

Pattern of crossed lines demonstrates two separate reactions

A

Non-Indentity: Ag are serologically distinct

194
Q

indicates that the compared antigens share no common epitopes

A

Non-Indentity: Ag are serologically distinct

195
Q

Two crossed lines represent two different precipitation reactions

A

Non-Indentity: Ag are serologically distinct

196
Q

The antigens share no identical determinants.

A

Non-Indentity: Ag are serologically distinct

197
Q

“Spur formation”

A

Partial Identity: Ag are not identical but do possess common determinants.

198
Q

Fusion of two lines with a spur indicates partial identity.

A

Partial Identity: Ag are not identical but do possess common determinants.

199
Q

The two antigens share a common epitope

A

Partial Identity: Ag are not identical but do possess common determinants.

200
Q

some antibody molecules are not captured by antigen and travel through the initial precipitin line to combine with additional epitopes found in the more complex antigen

A

Partial Identity: Ag are not identical but do possess common determinants.

IMMUNE 1 LEC (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions