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IMMUNE 1 LEC > CHAPTER III – COMPLEMENT > Flashcards

CHAPTER III – COMPLEMENT Flashcards

1
Q

COMPLEMENT Meaning -

A

to Help or to make Complete

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2
Q

COMPLEMENT year

A

1890s

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3
Q

Coined the term:

A

Paul Ehrlich

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4
Q

Elucidate the control of the complement; Novel price

A

Jules Bordet

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5
Q

A primary part of the

A

Innate immune response

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6
Q

Substance under the

A

humoral-mediated immunity

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7
Q

Group of

A

30 different proteins

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8
Q

Designation

A

• Numerals (C1-C9)
• Letter symbols (factor D)

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9
Q

Cleavage Products – enzyme activation

A

a and b

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10
Q

named with a capital C followed by a

A

number

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11
Q
  • results from the cleavage of a larger precursor by a protease
A

small letter

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12
Q

Ex. C3a/ C3b
• Larger fragment- designated as
• Smaller fragment- designated as

A

b

a

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13
Q

Exception:

A

C2 fragments

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14
Q

Larger-
smaller fragment-

A

C2a

C2b

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15
Q

Functions of Complement

A
  1. Lysis of cells, bacteria and viruses
  2. Opsonization
  3. Triggers specific cell functions, inflammation and secretion of immunoregulatory molecules
  4. Immune clearance: removal of immune complexes and deposition in the spleen and liver
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16
Q

Proteins and glycoproteins synthesized mainly by

A

liver hepatocytes

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17
Q

Most circulate in the serum functionally inactive forms as

A

proenzymes or zymogens

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18
Q

PRODUCES A

A

CASCADE PHENOMENON

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19
Q

WHERE THE PRODUCT OF ONE REACTION IS THE (?) OF THE NEXT

A

ENZYMATIC CATALYST

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20
Q

Heat Labile: destroyed when heated at

A

56°C for 30 mins

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21
Q

Anaphylatoxin

A

C3a, C4a, C5a

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22
Q

Increase Capillary Permeability

A

Role of C2b fragment

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23
Q

Chemotaxis

A

C5a

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24
Q

Virus neutralization

A

C4

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25
Q

Opsonization

A

C3b

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26
Q

They bind to receptors on mast cells and basophils

A

Anaphylatoxin

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27
Q

Induce degranulation and release of influx mediators including histamine

A

Anaphylatoxin

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28
Q

Can lead to edema if complement is not controlled

A

Increase Capillary Permeability

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29
Q

Attract cells and play important role in recruitment of wbc cells to an influx site

A

Chemotaxis

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30
Q

Enhances neutralization of viruses by homologous antibodies

A

Virus neutralization

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31
Q

C3b on particles such as bacteria or an Ab-Ab complex promotes the attachment and ultimate ingestion of the particles.

A

Opsonization

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32
Q

Initiated by: Antigen-antibody complex

A

CLASSICAL

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33
Q

First to be studied

A

CLASSICAL

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34
Q

Initiated by:
1. Aggregates of IgA
2. Yeast cell or zymogen
3. CVF
4. LPS

A

ALTERNATE/ ALTERNATIVE/ PROPERDIN LECTIN

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35
Q

Initiated by: With mannose and other similar sugars in the cell wall

A

LECTIN

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36
Q

Ab-dependent

A

CLASSICAL

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37
Q

ALTERNATE/ ALTERNATIVE/ PROPERDIN LECTIN

LECTIN

A

Ab-independent

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38
Q

Biological Functions

A
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39
Q

Initiation of Pathways

A
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40
Q

Phases of Complement Activation

A
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41
Q

Recognition event which will initiate complement cascade

A

INITIATION PHASE

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42
Q

Classical and alternate pathway differ at this phase

A

INITIATION PHASE

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43
Q

Activation of early components culminate in activation of C3 which is the critical component

A

AMPLIFICATION / ACTIVATION PHASE

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44
Q

Classical and alternate pathway differ at this phase

A

AMPLIFICATION / ACTIVATION PHASE

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45
Q

Culminates in target cell lysis

A

MEMBRANE ATTACK PHASE

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46
Q

Classical and alternate pathway is the same at this phase

A

MEMBRANE ATTACK PHASE

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47
Q

Begins with the formation of soluble antigen-antibody complexes or with binding of antibody to antigen on a suitable target such as a bacterial cell

A

CLASSICAL PATHWAY

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48
Q

IgM or IgG

A

CLASSICAL PATHWAY

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49
Q

Ag-Ab-IgM: conformational change in Fc : exposing a binding site for C1

A

CLASSICAL PATHWAY

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50
Q

Antibody is not required

A

ALTERNATIVE PATHWAY

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51
Q

Innate immunity

A

ALTERNATIVE PATHWAY

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52
Q

4 serum proteins: C3, factor B, factor D and properdin + C5 + C6789

A

ALTERNATIVE PATHWAY

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53
Q

Initiated by cell-surface constituents that are foreign to the host (gram + and gram - bacterial cell walls)

A

ALTERNATIVE PATHWAY

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54
Q

: proteins that recognize and bind to specific carbohydrate targets

A

Lectins

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55
Q

After initiation proceeds thru action of CA and C2 to produce C5 convertase

A

LECTIN PATHWAY

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56
Q

Activated by binding of mannose-binding lectin to mannose residues on glycoproteins or carbohydrates on the surface of microorganisms such as

A

Salmonella, Listeria, Neisseria, Cryptococcus and Candida

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57
Q

3 pathways : active C5 convertase to cleave C5 — C5a and C5b (initiates the final steps to form MAC)

A

Membrane Attack Complex

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58
Q

Forms a large channel through the membrane of the target cell enabling ions and small molecules to diffuse freely across the membrane

A

Membrane Attack Complex

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59
Q

105

A

C1 inhibitor (C1INH)

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60
Q

240

A

C1 inhibitor (C1INH)

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61
Q

Dissociates C1r and C1s from C1q

A

C1 inhibitor (C1INH)

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62
Q

88

A

Factor I

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63
Q

35

A

Factor I

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64
Q

Cleaves C3b and C4b

A

Factor I

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65
Q

150

A

Factor H

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66
Q

300-450

A

Factor H

67
Q

Cofactor with I to inactivate C3b

A

Factor H

68
Q

prevents binding of B to C3b

A

Factor H

69
Q

520

A

C4-binding protein

70
Q

250

A

C4-binding protein

71
Q

Acts as a cofactor with I to inactivate C4b

A

C4-binding protein

72
Q

84

A

S protein (vitronectin)

73
Q

500

A

S protein (vitronectin)

74
Q

Prevents attachment of the C5b67 complex to cell membranes

A

S protein (vitronectin)

75
Q

165,000 to 280,000

A

CR1 or Complement Regulator 1

76
Q

It is found mainly on peripheral blood cells, including neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, erythrocytes, eosinophils, B lymphocytes, some T lymphocytes, and follicular dendritic cells.

A

CR1 or Complement Regulator 1

77
Q

It binds C3b and C4b but has the greatest affinity for C3b

A

CR1 or Complement Regulator 1

78
Q

CD45

A

CR1 or Complement Regulator 1

79
Q

50,000 to 70,000

A

Membrane Cofactor Protein

80
Q

found on virtually all epithelial and endothelial cells except erythrocytes.

A

Membrane Cofactor Protein

81
Q

is the most efficient cofactor for factor Imediated cleavage of C3b

A

Membrane Cofactor Protein

82
Q

CD46

A

Membrane Cofactor Protein

83
Q

70,000

A

DAF or Decayaccelerating factor

84
Q

It is found on peripheral blood cells, on endothelial cells and fibroblasts, and on numerous types of epithelial cells.

A

DAF or Decayaccelerating factor

85
Q

capable of dissociating both classical and alternative pathway C3 convertases

A

DAF or Decayaccelerating factor

86
Q

CD55

A

DAF or Decayaccelerating factor

87
Q

widely distributed on the cell membranes of all circulating blood cells, including red blood cells, and on endothelial, epithelial, and many other types of cell

A

MIRL or Membrane inhibitor of reactive lysis

88
Q

bind to C8 and prevent insertion of C9 into host cell membranes

A

MIRL or Membrane inhibitor of reactive lysis

89
Q

CD59

A

MIRL or Membrane inhibitor of reactive lysis

90
Q

C3b, iC3b, C4b

A

CR1

91
Q

RBCs, neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, eosinophils, B and T cells, follicular dendritic cells

A

CR1

92
Q

Cofactor for factor I

A

CR1

93
Q

mediates transport of immune complexes

A

CR1

94
Q

(CD35)

A

CR1

95
Q

C3dg, C3d, iC3b

A

CR2

96
Q

B cells, follicular dendritic cells, epithelial cells

A

CR2

97
Q

B-cell coreceptor for antigen with CD19

A

CR2

98
Q

(CD21)

A

CR2

99
Q

iC3b, C3d, C3b

A

CR3

100
Q

Monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, NK cells

A

CR3

101
Q

Adhesion and increased activity of phagocytic cells

A

CR3

CR4

102
Q

(CD11b/CD18)

A

CR3

103
Q

(CD11c/CD18)

A

CR4

104
Q

C3b, C4b

A

DAF

105
Q

RBCs, neutrophils, platelets, monocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, T cells, B cells, epithelial cells

A

DAF

106
Q

Dissociates C2b or Bb from binding sites, thus preventing formation of C3 convertase

A

DAF

107
Q

(CD55)

A

DAF

108
Q

C8

A

MIRL

109
Q

RBCs, neutrophils, platelets, monocytes, endothelial cells, epithelial cells

A

MIRL

110
Q

Prevents insertion of C9 into cell membrane

A

MIRL

111
Q

(CD59)

A

MIRL

112
Q

C3b, C4b

A

MCP

113
Q

Neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, platelets, T cells, B cells, endothelial cells

A

MCP

114
Q

Cofactor for factor I cleavage of C3b and C4b

A

MCP

115
Q

(CD46)

A

MCP

116
Q

• associated with inflammatory conditions, trauma, or acute illness

A

INCREASED COMPLEMENT LEVELS

117
Q

• Limited clinical significance

A

INCREASED COMPLEMENT LEVELS

118
Q

• Low levels of complement suggest one of the following biological effects:

A
  1. Complement has been excessively activated recently.
  2. Complement is currently being consumed.
119
Q

• A single complement component is absent because of a genetic defect

A

DECREASED COMPLEMENT LEVELS

120
Q

HYPOCOMPLEMENTEMIA

A

DECREASED COMPLEMENT LEVELS

121
Q

• result from the complexing of IgG or IgM antibodies capable of activating complement

A

HYPOCOMPLEMENTEMIA

122
Q

• associated with diseases that give rise to circulating immune complexes.

A

HYPOCOMPLEMENTEMIA

123
Q

Lupus-like syndrome; recurrent infections

A

C1 (q, r, or s)

124
Q

Lupus-like syndrome; recurrent infections; atherosclerosis

A

C2

125
Q

Severe recurrent infections; glomerulonephritis

A

C3

126
Q

Lupus-like syndrome

A

C4

127
Q

Neisseria infections

A

C5-C8

Properdin

128
Q

No known disease association

A

C9

129
Q

Hereditary angioedema

A

C1INH

130
Q

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

A

DAF

MIRL

131
Q

Recurrent pyogenic

A

Factor H or Factor I

132
Q

Pneumococcal diseases, sepsis, Neisseria infections

A

MBL

133
Q

Pneumococcal diseases

A

MASP-2

134
Q

Marks the start of Recognition unit CLASSICAL

A

C1qrs

135
Q

Marks the start of Recognition unit ALTERNATIVE

A

C3

136
Q

Marks the start of Recognition unit LECTIN

A

C1-like complex (MASP-1, MASP-2, and MASP)

137
Q

Marks the start of Activation unit CLASSICAL

A

C4b2a (C3 convertase)

138
Q

Marks the start of Activation unit ALTERNATIVE

A

C3bBb (C3 convertase)

139
Q

Marks the start of Activation unit LECTIN

A

C3 convertase

140
Q

Marks the start of Membrane attack complex CLASSICAL

A

C5b

141
Q

Marks the start of Membrane attack complex ALTERNATIVE

A

C5b

142
Q

Marks the start of Membrane attack complex LECTIN

A

C5b

143
Q

C3 convertase CLASSICAL

A

C4b2a

144
Q

C3 convertase ALTERNATIVE

A

C3bBb

145
Q

C5 convertase CLASSICAL

A

C4b2a3b

146
Q

C5 convertase ALTERNATIVE

A

C3bBb3b

147
Q

Binds to Fc region of IgM and IgG

A

C1q

148
Q

Activates C1s

A

C1r

149
Q

Cleaves C4 and C2

A

C1s

150
Q

Part of C3 convertase (C4b)

A

C4

151
Q

Binds to C4b—forms C3 convertase

A

C2

152
Q

Key intermediate in all pathways Initiates membrane attack complex

A

C3

153
Q

Initiates membrane attack complex

A

C5

154
Q

Binds to C5bC6 in MAC

A

C7

155
Q

Starts pore formation on membrane

A

C8

156
Q

Polymerizes to cause cell lysis

A

C9

157
Q

Binds to C3b to form C3 convertase

A

Factor B

158
Q

Cleaves factor B

A

Factor D

159
Q

Stabilizes C3bBb–C3 convertase

A

Properdin

160
Q

Binds to mannose

A

MBL

161
Q

Unknown

A

MASP-1

162
Q

Cleaves C4 and C2

A

MASP-2

163
Q

Binds to C5b in MAC

A

C6

IMMUNE 1 LEC (28 decks)

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