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IMMUNE 1 LEC > BACTERIAL INFECTIONS > Flashcards

BACTERIAL INFECTIONS Flashcards

1
Q

Bacterial Infections

A

• Spirochete diseases: Syphilis, Lyme
• Group A Streptococcus
• Rickettsia Infections
• Herpes virus infections: Infectious
• Typhoid fever
• Brucella
• Mycoplasma pneumoniae
• Helicobacter pylori

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2
Q

Viral Infections

A

• Viral Hepatitis Disease
• HIV
• Dengue
• Herpes virus infections: Infectious Mononucleosis, Epstein Barr Virus, Cytomegalovirus

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3
Q

Autoimmune

A

• Rheumatoid Arthritis
• Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

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4
Q

Causative agent

A

Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum

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5
Q

Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum (originally called (?))

A

Spirochaeta pallida

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6
Q

neither cocci or bacilli, but spirochetes

A

Spirochaeta pallida

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7
Q

Yaws:

A

Treponema pallidum subspecies pertenue

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8
Q

Antigen

A

Relter strain (Non virulent variant), Nichols Strain (Virulent variant)

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9
Q

Relter strain (Non virulent variant), Nichols Strain (Virulent variant) Seen in

A

Fluorescent Treponemal Absorption Ab Test

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10
Q

MOT

A
  1. Sexual contact - primary
  2. Blood transfusion
  3. Trans placental route
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11
Q
  • vertical transmission; mother to child
A

Trans placental route

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12
Q

Old names

A

Great pox/ Evil pox, French/Italian/Spanish Disease

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13
Q

(Christopher Columbus and his crew acquired syphilis in US from prostitutes which spread to UK)

A

Great pox

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14
Q

First diagnostic blood test

A

Wassermann test (1906)

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15
Q

• Aka Cardiolipin (not RPR or VDRL)

A

Wassermann test (1906)

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16
Q

Cardiolipin Principle:

A

Complement Fixation

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17
Q

Acts as an antigen or reagent that reacts w/ reagin

A

Cardiolipin

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18
Q

• Identified as phospholipid

A

Cardiolipin

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19
Q

Cardiolipin Derived from

A

1) host 2) beef extract

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20
Q

• Act as hapten

A

Cardiolipin

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21
Q

First Treatment

A

Arsenic, Salvarsan, Arsphenamine/606

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22
Q

(“magic bullet” by Paul Ehrlich)

A

Salvarsan

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23
Q

replaced by PENICILLIN (1940’s) due to Arsenic’s (?) odor

A

“Garlic breath”

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24
Q

Individuals infected with T. pallidum respond immunologically by producing both

A

specific and non specific ab

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25
Q
  1. Treponemal Antibodies
    specific or nonspecific
A

Treponemal Antibodies

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26
Q

• produced against Ag of the organisms.

A

Treponemal Antibodies

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27
Q

Treponemal Antibodies

• Specific against:

A

Outer membrane protein
Endoflagellar protein

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28
Q
  1. Nontreponemal Antibodies
    specific or nonspecific
A

nonspecific

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29
Q

• aka Reagin Antibodies

A

Nontreponemal Antibodies

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30
Q
  • different to IgE formed against syphilis or cardiolipin
A

Reagin Antibodies

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31
Q

• aka Anti-cardiolipin/ anti-lipoidal

A

Nontreponemal Antibodies

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32
Q

• Based on RPR and VDRL

A

Nontreponemal Antibodies

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33
Q

Nontreponemal Antibodies

also produced in:

A

Infectious disease: Leprosy, TB, Malaria, Measles, chicken pox, IM, hepatitis
Autoimmune disorder: Rheumatoid disease
Pregnancy, old age

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34
Q

• Produced by patient with sphilis

A

Nontreponemal Antibodies

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35
Q

false (+) for pregnancy: use

A

treponemal serologic tests

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36
Q

CHANCRE stage

A

PRIMARY EARLY STAGE

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37
Q

Primary inflammatory lesion

A

CHANCRE

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38
Q

-Transient, painless, firm lesion at site of inoculation

portal of entry of T. pallidum

A

CHANCRE

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39
Q

-superficial ulcer with clean, firm base

A

CHANCRE

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40
Q

-highly contagious

A

CHANCRE

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41
Q

(?) chancre (painless) is present in syphilis

A

Soft chancre

42
Q

PRIMARY EARLY STAGE
- Early:
- Post infection:
- Persists:

A
  • Early: 10 days
  • Post infection: 3-4 mos
  • Persists: 1-6 weeks
43
Q

PRIMARY EARLY STAGE ST

A

Darkfield microscopy

44
Q

: Corkscrew motility

A

Darkfield microscopy

45
Q

RPR is more sensitive than (?) and equally sensitive with (?)

A

VDRL

FTA ABS

46
Q

90% become reactive after 3 weeks

A

Darkfield microscopy

47
Q

best test; specific for testing T. Pallidum

A

Darkfield microscopy

48
Q

PRIMARY EARLY STAGE ST Alternative:

A

RPR (more sensitive) or VDRL

49
Q

-Most contagious stage

A

SECONDARY STAGE

50
Q

-disseminated organisms

A

SECONDARY STAGE

51
Q

CONDYLOMATA LATA

A

SECONDARY STAGE

52
Q

LYPHADENOPATHY

A

SECONDARY STAGE

53
Q

: maculopapular skin rash

A

CONDYLOMATA LATA

54
Q

: inflammation of the lymph nodes

A

LYPHADENOPATHY

55
Q

1-2 mons after appearance of primary lesion

A

SECONDARY STAGE

56
Q

SECONDARY STAGE ST

A

All serological test and dark field detect the infection

57
Q

Asymptomatic >4yrs: Non-communicable (except vertical transmission)

A

LATENT STAGE

58
Q

hidden stage (no signs and symptoms)

A

LATENT STAGE

59
Q

Healing of 2° lesions

A

LATENT STAGE

60
Q

LATENT STAGE ST

A

Serological test only

61
Q

Last months to years

A

LATENT STAGE

62
Q

T or F

Not all px undergo latent stage; may proceed to tertiary stage w/o treatment

A

T

63
Q

GUMMATA

A

(LATE SYPHILLIS) TERTIARY STAGE

64
Q

NEUROSYPHILIS

A

(LATE SYPHILLIS) TERTIARY STAGE

65
Q

TABES DORSALIS

A

(LATE SYPHILLIS) TERTIARY STAGE

66
Q

CVS: Aortic Aneurysm

A

(LATE SYPHILLIS) TERTIARY STAGE

67
Q

: nodular lesion in skin and bones lesion

A

GUMMATA

68
Q

NEUROSYPHILIS
indications:

A
  • general paralysis
  • TABES DORSALIS
69
Q

(walks sideways)

A

TABES DORSALIS

70
Q

neurosyphilis also seen in

A

secondary stage (or primary)

71
Q

Within 2 years or 50 years post infection

A

(LATE SYPHILLIS) TERTIARY STAGE

72
Q

(LATE SYPHILLIS) TERTIARY STAGE ST

A

Best: All Serological tests

73
Q
  1. TPI: Treponema Pallidum Immobilization Test
A

Treponemal Antibodies

74
Q

(reference method for neurosyphillis)

A

TPI: Treponema Pallidum Immobilization Test

75
Q

TPI: Treponema Pallidum Immobilization Test stages

A

secondary and tertiary

76
Q
  1. FTA-ABS: Fluorescent Treponemal Ab
    Absorption test
A

Treponemal Antibodies

77
Q
  1. FTA-ABS: Fluorescent Treponemal Ab
    Absorption test stages
A
  • secondary, ter, latent
78
Q
  1. FADH: Fluorescence Ab Darkfield Technique
A

Treponemal Antibodies

79
Q
  1. FADH: Fluorescence Ab Darkfield Technique stages
A
  • primary and secondary
80
Q
  1. HEMAGGLUTINATION TESTS
A

Treponemal Antibodies

81
Q
  1. HEMAGGLUTINATION TESTS stages
A
  • secondary and tertiary
82
Q

TPHA: Treponema Pallidum Hemaglutination

A

Treponemal Antibodies

83
Q

MHA-P: Microhemagglutination Assay for Treponema pallidum

A

Treponemal Antibodies

84
Q

VDRL: Venereal Disease Research Laboratory

A

Nontreponemal Antibodies

85
Q

RPR: Rapid Plasma Reagin

A

Nontreponemal Antibodies

86
Q

USR: Untreated Serum Reagin Test

A

Nontreponemal Antibodies

87
Q

TRUST: Toluidine Red Unheated Serum Test

A

Nontreponemal Antibodies

88
Q

ART: Automated Reagin Test

A

Nontreponemal Antibodies

89
Q

microscopic

A

VDRL: Venereal Disease Research Laboratory

90
Q

uses heat/serum inactivation to destroy complement at 56oC for 30 mins

A

VDRL: Venereal Disease Research Laboratory

91
Q

CSF and serum

A

VDRL: Venereal Disease Research Laboratory

92
Q

Used to diagnose neurosyphilis

A

VDRL: Venereal Disease Research Laboratory

93
Q

widely used

A

RPR: Rapid Plasma Reagin

94
Q

macroscopic (due to charcoal as a visualizing agent)

A

RPR: Rapid Plasma Reagin

95
Q

Aka Modified VDRL

A

RPR: Rapid Plasma Reagin

96
Q

No heat inactivation due to Thimerosal

A

RPR: Rapid Plasma Reagin

97
Q

serum only

A

RPR: Rapid Plasma Reagin

98
Q

Principle: Uses either live/dead T. pallidum to demonstrate the presence of Ab

A

Treponemal Antibodies

99
Q

First diagnostic blood test: Wasserman

Principle: complement fixation test

A

Treponemal Antibodies

100
Q

Confirmatory tests

A

Treponemal Antibodies

101
Q

Principle: Nontreponemal Abs/ Reagin + Colloidal suspension of Lipoids = FLOCCULATION

A

Nontreponemal Antibodies

102
Q

Screening tests

A

Nontreponemal Antibodies

IMMUNE 1 LEC (28 decks)

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