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IMMUNE 1 LEC > CHAPTER 6 - LYMPHOID ORGANS > Flashcards

CHAPTER 6 - LYMPHOID ORGANS Flashcards

1
Q

LYMPHOID ORGANS
- Divided into two:

A

Primary and Secondary lymphoid organs

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2
Q
  • Main producers of lymphocytes (B cells and T cells)
A

Primary

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3
Q

o Followed by release to the circulation
then to the secondary lymphoid organ (SLO)

A

Primary

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4
Q
  • Provide appropriate microenvironments or the development and maturation of lymphocytes
A

Primary

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5
Q
  1. Thymus
A

Primary

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6
Q
  1. Bone marrow
A

Primary

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7
Q
  • Site of maturation and site where lymphocytes can perform their main functions.
A

Secondary

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8
Q
  • Trap antigen from defined tissues or vascular spaces and are sites where mature lymphocytes can interact effectively with the antigen
A

Secondary

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9
Q

o Tonsils, spleen (lymph nodes (Lymphatics and skin), Peyer’s patches, appendix, and mucosa- associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)

A

Secondary

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10
Q

function as potential sites for contact with foreign antigen, and they increase the probability of an immune response.

A

Secondary

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11
Q
  1. Adenoids
A

Secondary

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12
Q
  1. Tonsils
A

Secondary

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13
Q
  1. Lymph nodes
A

Secondary

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14
Q
  1. Spleen
A

Secondary

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15
Q
  1. Peyer’s Patches
A

Secondary

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16
Q
  1. Appendix
A

Secondary

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17
Q
  1. MALT
A

Secondary

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18
Q

– lymphatics and skin

A

Lymph nodes

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19
Q

– entry through circulation

A

Spleen

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20
Q

– a specialized type of MALT and are located at the lower ileum of the intestinal tract

A

Peyer’s Patches

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21
Q
  • Largest tissue of the body (adult: 1300 to 1500g)
A

Bone Marrow

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22
Q

Bone Marrow
- Two parts:

A
  1. Red marrow
  2. Yellow Marrow
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23
Q

– produces blood cells

A

Red marrow

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24
Q

– higher percentage; cannot produce HSC
but adipose/fat cells instead

A

Yellow Marrow

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25
Q
  • Primary function: Primary source of pluripotent stem cells that give rise to all hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) that fives rise to other blood cells
A

Bone Marrow

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26
Q
  • Major organ for B cell maturation (“B” cells = “B”one marrow) gives rise to the precursor cells of the thymic lymphocytes.
A

Bone Marrow

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27
Q
  • common lymphoid progenitor
A

HSC

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28
Q
  • common myeloid progenitor
A

HSC

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29
Q

– produced in the BM then undergo further maturation to a B cell (either released to the circulation or proceeds to SLO)

A

B cell progenitor

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30
Q

– produced in the BM then proceeds to the thymus for further maturation

A

T cell progenitor

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31
Q
  • Center for antigen-independent lymphopoiesis (production of lymphocytes)
A

Bone Marrow

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32
Q

o Without the stimulus of an antigen

A

Bone Marrow

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33
Q

o Maturation does not end as B cells and T cells

A

Bone Marrow

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34
Q

= Plasma cell (can produce
Abs)

A

B cell + Ag

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35
Q

= memory B cell (remembers Ag encounter)

A

T cell + Ag

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36
Q

o Produce large numbers of B cells, each with unique
antigen receptors (antibodies) such that, overall, there is sufficient B cells diversity to recognize millions of microbial antigens in the environment.

A

Bone Marrow

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37
Q
  • Same to the concept of Ab-diversity by Paul Ehrlich (Side Chain Theory)
A

Bone Marrow

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38
Q
  • An Ag looks for a particular cell with a specific receptor to become an Ab
A

Bone Marrow

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39
Q
  • To avoid autoimmunity (attacking of own cells due to overreactivity of B cells)
A

Eliminate B cells with antigen receptors having high affinity for self-molecules.

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40
Q

61-89% = (?)

A

T cells (Most abundant)

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41
Q

10-20% = (?)

A

B cells

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42
Q
  • Primarily involved in adaptive/specific
    immunity
A

T cells & B cells

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43
Q

22% =(?)

A

NK cells

44
Q
  • Neither B or T cells
A

NK cells

45
Q
  • Large Granular: Lymphocytes
A

NK cells

46
Q
  • Primarily involved in innate/natural
    immunity
A

NK cells

47
Q

– produced in the BM (+ T cell progenitor: thymus)

A

Thymocytes

48
Q

– produced, matures and develops in the BM

A

B cells

49
Q

– matures and develops in the thymus

A

T cells

50
Q
  • Site of T-cell development and maturation
A

Thymus

51
Q
  • Rearrangement of gene segments that encode T cell receptor
A

Thymus

52
Q
  • Flat bilobed organ above the heart
A

Thymus

53
Q
  • Each Lobe surrounded by a capsule and divided into lobules.
A

Thymus

54
Q

Thymus
- Each lobule:

A

o Outer cortex
o Inner medulla

55
Q

(?) : densely packed with immature T cells: thymocytes

A

Outer cortex

56
Q

(?) : sparsely populated with thymocytes

A

Inner medulla

57
Q

Function example:
o Ag enters the wound → trapped in the axillary lymph
nodes (kulani); filters the lymph

A

Lymph Nodes

58
Q
  • lined with macrophages, creating an ideal location for phagocytosis
A

Subcapsular sinus

59
Q

Blast transformation – B cells become plasma cells that are capable of producing Ab

A

Germinal center

60
Q

– B cells become plasma cells that are capable of producing Ab

A

Blast transformation

61
Q

Cells: Macrophages, most of B cells, follicular dendritic cells

A

Cortex (outermost layer)

62
Q
  • Contains Naïve B cells (resting B cells)
A

Primary Follicles

63
Q

o Has not encountered an Ag

A

Primary Follicles

64
Q
  • Consist of antigen-stimulated B cells
A

Secondary Follicles

65
Q
  • Has encountered an Ag
A

Secondary Follicles

66
Q

The interior of a secondary follicle is known as the (?)

A

germinal center

67
Q

Cells: Most T cells

A

Paracortex

68
Q
  • Space between cortex/follicles and medulla
A

Paracortex

69
Q
  • T lymphocytes are mainly localized in the (?).
A

paracortex

70
Q

T lymphocytes are in close proximity to antigen-presenting cells called (?).

A

interdigitating cells

71
Q

Cells: mostly macrophages, numerous plasma cells

A

Inner Medulla

72
Q

The (?) is less densely populated but contains some T cells (in addition to B cells), macrophages, and numerous plasma cells.

A

medulla

73
Q

Particulate antigens are removed as the fluid travels across the node from cortex to medulla.

A

Inner Medulla

74
Q

The transit time through a lymph node is approximately 18 hours.

A

Inner Medulla

75
Q
  • If contact with antigen takes place, lymphocyte traffic shuts down due to the proliferation of activated cells.
A

Inner Medulla

76
Q
  • Accumulation of lymphocytes and other cells causes the lymph nodes to become enlarged, a condition known as (?) .
A

lymphadenopathy

77
Q
  • Recirculation of expanded numbers of lymphocytes then occurs
A

Inner Medulla

78
Q
  • Largest secondary lymphoid organ
A

Spleen

79
Q
  • It is located in the upper-left quadrant of the abdomen
A

Spleen

80
Q

(?) : removal of the spleen

A

Splenectomy

81
Q

o Increases risk of infection with encapsulated bacteria and severe malaria

A

Splenectomy

82
Q

(?) :intraerythrocyticparasite

A

Plasmodium

83
Q

Cells: Platelets, RBCs, WBCs

A

Red Pulp

84
Q
  • Responsible for apoptosis or programmed cell death
A

Red Pulp

85
Q

Cells: WBCs

A

White Pulp

86
Q
  • Also known as the lymphoid tissue
A

White Pulp

87
Q
  • contains T cells
A

Periarteriolar Lymphoid Sheath (PALS)

88
Q
  • contains Naïve B cells (resting B cells)
A

Primary Follicles

89
Q
  • contains dendritic cells (best Ag presenting cells; traps antigen)
A

Marginal Zone

90
Q
  • Nasal
A

NALT

91
Q

– lines the throat and nasal passages

A

Nasal

92
Q
  • Tonsils
A

NALT

93
Q
  • Gut
A

GALT

94
Q
  • Contains the Peyer’s patches
A

GALT

95
Q

Liver

A

GALT

96
Q

– specialized
epithelium and contains antigen presenting cells and
intraepithelial lymphocytes.

A

Peyer’s patches

97
Q
  • Bronchus
A

BALT

98
Q
  • Contains lymphoid aggregates and follicles along
    main bronchi
A

BALT

99
Q

Secondary lymphoid organs

A

Appendix

100
Q

o Concentrate of lymphoid tissue

A

Appendix

101
Q

o Produces IgA

A

Appendix

102
Q

(?) : important in trapping Ags that enters the GIT

A

lymphoid tissue

103
Q

(?) : helps in regulating the density and quality of the normal flora

A

IgA

104
Q
  • Almost the same as BALT
A

Cutaneous Associated Lymphoid Tissue (CALT)

105
Q
  • Found in the skin or epidermis
A

Cutaneous Associated Lymphoid Tissue (CALT)

106
Q
  • Most of these are T cells, which are uniquely positioned to
    combat any antigens that enter through the skin.
A

Cutaneous Associated Lymphoid Tissue (CALT)

107
Q

Hello bebe I miss u🫶🏻
- Zed

A

I miss u🫶🏻
- Zed

IMMUNE 1 LEC (27 decks)

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