Transcription and translation

Question 1

what happens first

Answer 1

Transcription

Question 2

what is transcription

Answer 2

DNA is transferred and mRNA molecule is produced

Question 3

translation

Answer 3

mRNA is translated and an amino acid sequence is produced

Question 4

where does transcription happen

Answer 4

in nucleus

Question 5

role of transcription

Answer 5

to produce a strand of mRNA

Question 6

5 steps of transcription

Answer 6

1- parts of DNA molecule unwind when hydrogen bonds between base pairs break

2- this exposes the template strand of the gene that codes for protein being synthesised

3- free mRNA nucleotides present in nucleus bind to complementary nucleotides in template strand

4- the mRNA nucleotides join neighbouring nucleotides to form a single strand of mRNA

5- the mRNA molecule leaves nucleus vi a pore

Question 7

3 differences between DNA and RNA

Answer 7

• DNA is larger / longer
• DNA is double stranded
• DNA contains thymine while RNA contains uracil

Question 8

translation happens in

Answer 8

cytoplasm, in the ribosome

Question 9

translation results in the production of

Answer 9

chain of amino acids

Question 10

5 steps of Translation

Answer 10

1- after leaving nucleus, the mRNA attaches to a ribosome

2- in the cytoplasm, there are free tRNA molecules which have a triplet of unpaired bases at one end known as anticodons, and an amino acid at the other

3- the anticodon on each tRNA molecule pairs with a complementary triplet (codon) on the mRNA molecule, bringing its specific amino acid with it

4- a second tRNA molecule attaches to its complementary donor on the mRNA & a peptide bond is formed between the 2 naighbouring amino acids

5- This is continued until a stop codon on the mRNA is reached which signals the end of translation and means amino acid chain coded by mRNA is complete

Question 11

the amino acid chain at the end of translation is _____ to form a protein

Answer 11

folded and modified