reproduction Flashcards
sexual reproduction is the
process involving the fusion of the nuclei of two gametes to form a zygote and the production of offspring that are genetically different from each other
what is a zygote
fertilised egg cell
for sexual reproduction how many parent organisms are needed
2
gametes in sexual reproduction are produced through
meiosis
is sexual reproduction a slow or fast reproduction process
slow
after fertilisation in sexual reproduction, the offspring develops through what type of cell divisions
mitotic
Offspring produced by sexual reproduction are genetically ____ to the parent organisms
different
offsprings produced by sexual reproduction share ___ the DNA from each parent
half
is there variation in sexual reproduction
yes
what is a benefit of variation
provides a survival advantage to the population
how many chromosones does a zygote have
46
sexual reproduction can happen in what organisms (3)
animals
plants
fungi
human gametes have how many chromosomes each
23
are gametes haploid or diploid
haploid
are zygotes haploid or diploid
diploid
advantages of sexual reproduction (3)
- variation in offsprings
- better adapted to environmental changes
- disease is less likely as there will be more individuals that are resistant or immune to disease
disadvantages of sexual reproduction (2)
- time and energy to find a mate
- not all population will mate and pass on alleles
what is a gamete
sperm cells and egg cells
sexual reproduction produces genetically ____ cells
different
sexual reproduction involves:
the fusion of male and female gametes. because there are 2 parents, the offspring will contain a mixture of their parents genes.
meiosis happens in
the ovaries and testes ( only in the reproductive organs)
in sexual reproduction, the mother and father produce ___
gametes
what does haploid and diploid mean
haploid, meaning that in humans they have 23 chromosomes ( means they have half the number of chromosomes in a normal cell
diploid means a cell that contains two complete sets of chromosomes (46)
what happens at fertilisation and how
zygote is formed as a male and a female gamete fuse
does a zygote have a full set of chromosomes
yes
gametes are
sex cells produced by meiosis
gametes in animals
sperm and ovum
adaptations of sperm cells
tails to propel them towards the egg and a lot of mitochondria to provide energy for the movement
egg cell adaptations
energy stores within the cytoplasm to support early embryo development
where does fertilisation happen
in the oviducts
