Respiration Flashcards
Topic 2 F
Respiration is
the process of transferring energy from glucose. it goes on in every cell in your body
where does respiration happen
in every cell of your body
can the energy transferred in respiration be used directly by the cells ?
no
what is the energy produced by respiration used for
to make a substance called ATP
what does ATP do
releases the energy needed for many cell processes
what type of reaction is respiration
a chemical reaction
from where is energy released in respiration
glucose
how is ATP made
during respiration, glucose is broken down and several ATP molecules are produced
what does ATP release and how
it can be broken down to release energy for living processes to happen within cells and organisms.
what are some processes that need the energy given by ATP ( 3)
- keeping warm
- muscle contractions for movement
- chemical reactions
aerobic respiration needs
oxygen
what is aerobic respiration defined as
the chemical reaction in cells that uses oxygen to break down nutrient molecules to release energy
what is aerobic respiration ( what happens to glucose)
complete breakdown of glucose to release a relatively large amount of energy for use in cell processes and reactions
what are the waste products of aerobic respiration
carbon dioxide + water
word equation of aerobic respiration in humans
oxygen + glucose —— carbon dioxide + water
symbol equation of aerobic respiration for humans
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O
does anaerobic respiration need oxygen
no
what in anaerobic respiration defined as
the chemical reaction in cells that breaks down nutrient molecules to release energy without using oxygen
anaerobic respiration involves (breakdown of glucose)
the incomplete breakdown of glucose and so releases a relatively small amount of energy for use in cell processes
is aerobic word equation the same for all living organisms
yes
waste product of anaerobic respiration in humans / animals
lactic acid ( when oxygen already in our cells runs out, glucose is broken down so lactic acid is formed)
how is lactic acid removed after anaerobic respiration
be broken down using oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water as waste products
which respiration releases less energy
Anaerobic respiration releases less energy than aerobic respiration
word equation for anaerobic respiration in animals
glucose— lactic acid (+energy)
word equation for anaerobic respiration in plants
glucose —- ethanol + carbon dioxide (+ energy)
when is anaerobic respiration used in animals
during vigorous exercise (usually not very long) , when your body can’t supply enough oxygen to your muscles for aerobic respiration.
why does lactic acid need to be removed
its a toxic waste product of respiration ( can denature enzymes because it raises pH levels)
what respiration is used the most often
aerobic respiration
differences between the 2 respirations
AEROBIC
- oxygen needed
- glucose breakdown is complete
- products are CO 2 & H2O
- Energy released is a lot
ANAEROBIC
- oxygen not needed
- glucose breakdown is incomplete
- products formed lactic acid for animals
and carbon dioxide and ethanol for yeast and plants
- energy released is little
PRACTICAL INVESTIGATING RESPIRATION ( seed germination)
Measure out 10 cm3 of hydrogencarbonate indicator into 3 boiling tubes
Put in a layer of cotton wool
Place 10 germinating seeds in tube A
Place 10 boiled/dead seeds in tube B
Place 10 glass beads in tube C
Seal each tube with a rubber bung
After 3 hours, observe the colour of the indicator
results of investigation should be
In this investigation, we would expect to note the following
Tube A should turn yellow as the seeds are respiring and producing carbon dioxide
Tube B should remain red as the dead seeds produce no carbon dioxide
Tube C should remain red as there is no living material in there
where does anaerobic respiration take place in animals
muscle cells
PRACTICAL - demonstrating the production of heat
set up 2 vacuum flasks, one with dead seeds and one with germinating seeds
place a thermometer into it, with cotton wool on the sides holding it in place and trapping the heat.
Measure initial temperature
after 4 days measure the final temperature
( germinating seeds flask will have a higher temp)
what is oxygen debt
the extra oxygen required by your body to break down the lactic acid produced by your body after strenuous exercise.
