inheritance (3.2-3.26) Flashcards
phenotype
observable characteristics of an organism
genotype
combination of alleles which control each characteristic
alleles can be (2)
Dominant or Recessive
homozygous
2 alleles of a gene are the same
heterozygous
2 alleles of a gene are different
Gamete
sex cells
chromosone
structure of DNA which carry genetic information in form of genes
gene
short lengths of DNA found on chromosones which code for specific proteins
allele
different versions of a particular gene
genotype
combination of alleles which control characteristics
codominance
a form of inheritnce in which both inherited alleles are expressed in the phenotype
when does codominance happen
when more than 1 allele is expressed in the phenotype at the same time
what are polygenic characteristics
characteristics controlled by more than 1 gene
inheritance of polygenic characteristics is called
polygenic inheritance
polygenic characteristics have phenotypes which
can show a wide range of combinations of features
monohybrid inheritance
inheritance of characteristics controlled by a single gene
an example of polygenic inheritance
eye colour
how can monohybrid inheritance be determined
through a punnet square
what do family pedigrees do
trace the pattern of inheritance of a specific characteristic through generations of a family
what can family pedigrees be used for
to work out the probability that someone in the family will inherit that gene
sex in determined by
an entire chromosone pair
females have sex chromosones
XX
males have sex chromosones
XY
who is responsible for determining the sex of the child and why
the father, because he is the only one who can pass on the Y chromosone, while still having the X as well
