inheritance (protein synthesis) Flashcards
what is a genome
entire DNA of an organism
what is a gene
a section of a molecule of DNA that codes for a specific protein
where are genes located
in the nucleus (in chromosones)
describe a DNA molecule
2 strands coiled to form a double helix, the strands being linked by a series of paired bases
the names of the 4 bases of DNA
Thymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Thymine pairs with
Adenine
Cytosine pairs with
Guanine
what are the 2 stages of protein synthesis
transcription and translation
what do genes do
control our characteristics
chromosones are fund in the
nucleus
how many pairs of chromosones does the human body have
23 pairs, so 46 in total
what is RNA
nucleic acid whcih contains uracil instead of thymine
are RNA strands double stranded
NO
bases that RNA contains
Uracil - Adenine
Cytosine- Guanine
what is protein synthesis
the manufacturing of proteins
where does transcription happen
in the nucleus
what is the role of transcription
to produce a copy of a section of DNA in form of a strand of mRNA
mRNA
consists of a message made of RNA that is based on the DNA
mRNA travels from where to where
nucleus to cytoplasm where it enters a ribosome
transcription is where
an enzyme (Polymerase) will connect complementary RNA bases to DNA
how is mRNA formed
single strands of RNA are bonded together
translation is where
the protein is built in the ribosome
translation happens in the
ribosome
where is tRNA found
in the cytoplasm
what does tRNA carry
an amino acid
tRNA stands for
transfer RNA
what does tRNA do
delivers amino acids to ribosome and mRNA directs which type of amino acids are transferred
tRNA connects with
mRNA and reads the bases in threes (codons)
what is an anticodon
the complementary triplet base of the codon
Translation results in the
Production of chain of amino acids that will form a protein
what are alleles
variations of the same gene
how many alleles do we have for each gene and why
2
Because there are 2 copies of each chromosone (one from each parent) and we have 2 copies of each gene, so 2 alleles for each gene
do alleles code for the same thing ? why
NO
because we recieve one from our father, and one from our mother
having alleles allows what
differences in inherited characteristics & variation within species
