inheritance (protein synthesis)

Question 1

what is a genome

Answer 1

entire DNA of an organism

Question 2

what is a gene

Answer 2

a section of a molecule of DNA that codes for a specific protein

Question 3

where are genes located

Answer 3

in the nucleus (in chromosones)

Question 4

describe a DNA molecule

Answer 4

2 strands coiled to form a double helix, the strands being linked by a series of paired bases

Question 5

the names of the 4 bases of DNA

Answer 5

Thymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine

Question 6

Thymine pairs with

Answer 6

Adenine

Question 7

Cytosine pairs with

Answer 7

Guanine

Question 8

what are the 2 stages of protein synthesis

Answer 8

transcription and translation

Question 9

what do genes do

Answer 9

control our characteristics

Question 10

chromosones are fund in the

Answer 10

nucleus

Question 11

how many pairs of chromosones does the human body have

Answer 11

23 pairs, so 46 in total

Question 12

what is RNA

Answer 12

nucleic acid whcih contains uracil instead of thymine

Question 13

are RNA strands double stranded

Answer 13

NO

Question 14

bases that RNA contains

Answer 14

Uracil - Adenine
Cytosine- Guanine

Question 15

what is protein synthesis

Answer 15

the manufacturing of proteins

Question 16

where does transcription happen

Answer 16

in the nucleus

Question 17

what is the role of transcription

Answer 17

to produce a copy of a section of DNA in form of a strand of mRNA

Question 18

mRNA

Answer 18

consists of a message made of RNA that is based on the DNA

Question 19

mRNA travels from where to where

Answer 19

nucleus to cytoplasm where it enters a ribosome

Question 20

transcription is where (step by step)

Answer 20

DNA unzips in the region of a gene (only one strand is used — the template strand).

RNA polymerase binds to the DNA at the start of the gene.

RNA polymerase moves along the DNA, reading one base at a time.

As it moves, it adds complementary RNA nucleotides to build an mRNA strand:

A (on DNA) → U (on RNA)

T → A

C → G

G → C

RNA polymerase joins the RNA nucleotides together to make a continuous single-stranded mRNA molecule.

When the gene is fully copied, RNA polymerase detaches and the mRNA strand is complete.

The mRNA leaves the nucleus through a nuclear pore and enters the cytoplasm, heading to a ribosome.

Question 21

how is mRNA formed

Answer 21

single strands of RNA are bonded together

Question 22

translation is where

Answer 22

the protein is built in the ribosome

Question 23

translation happens in the

Answer 23

ribosome

Question 24

where is tRNA found

Answer 24

in the cytoplasm

Question 25

what does tRNA carry

Answer 25

an amino acid

Question 26

tRNA stands for

Answer 26

transfer RNA

Question 27

what does tRNA do

Answer 27

delivers amino acids to ribosome and mRNA directs which type of amino acids are transferred

Question 28

tRNA connects with

Answer 28

mRNA and reads the bases in threes (codons)

Question 29

what is an anticodon

Answer 29

the complementary triplet base of the codon

Question 30

Translation results in the

Answer 30

Production of chain of amino acids that will form a protein

Question 31

what are alleles

Answer 31

variations of the same gene

Question 32

how many alleles do we have for each gene and why

Answer 32

2 Because there are 2 copies of each chromosone (one from each parent) and we have 2 copies of each gene, so 2 alleles for each gene

Question 33

do alleles code for the same thing ? why

Answer 33

NO because we recieve one from our father, and one from our mother

Question 34

having alleles allows what

Answer 34

differences in inherited characteristics & variation within species

Question 35

process of translation

Answer 35

mRNA leaves the nucleus and attaches to a ribosome in the cytoplasm. The ribosome reads the mRNA codons (three-base sequences). tRNA (transfer RNA) brings amino acids to the ribosome. Each tRNA has an anticodon that is complementary to the mRNA codon, so it pairs up correctly. The ribosome joins the amino acids together in the correct order, forming a polypeptide (protein). This continues until a stop codon is reached and the full protein is made.