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Anatomy and Physiology > Tissues > Flashcards

Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

Four major tissues in body

A
  1. Muscle
  2. Connective
  3. Epithelial
  4. Nervous
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1
Q

What are three functions of epithelial tissues

A

Three s’s (remember: snake skin!)

  1. Shield
  2. Secrete (and absorb)
  3. Sense
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2
Q

What connects epithelial tissue to deeper tissue?

A

Basement membrane

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3
Q

What are six physical traits of epithelial tissues?

A

Onions

  1. LAYERS - have one or more layers of tightly-packed cells
  2. SURFACES - Have free apical surface and fixed basal surface
  3. NO BLOOD - No blood vessels
  4. NERVES - Lots of nerves
  5. REGENERATION - High regenerative capacity
  6. BASEMENT- Sitting on top of basement membrane
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4
Q

Microscopic study of tissues

A

Histology

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5
Q

Two different types of epithelial cell layers

A

Simple = one layer
Stratified = more than one

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6
Q

Three different types of epithelial cell shapes

A

Flat and thin = squamous
Square-shaped = cuboidal
Rectangular = columnar

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7
Q

flat and thin epithelial tissue called

A

Squamous tissues

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8
Q

Cuboidal tissues

A

square-shaped epithelial tissue

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9
Q

rectangular tissue

A

columnal-shaped epithelial tissue

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10
Q

Epithelial get nutrients through

A

diffusion and filtration from basement membrane

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11
Q

Two unique types of epithelial tissues

A
  1. Transitional
  2. Pseudostratified
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12
Q

Where is transitional epithelial tissue?

A

Urinary tract

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13
Q

Where is pseudostratified epithelial tissue?

A

Trachea

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14
Q

This type of epithelial tissue shape makes it easy for diffusion to occur

A

simple squamous

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15
Q

Four types of epithelial cell connection (junctions)

A
  1. Tight junctions
  2. Adhering junctions
  3. Desmosomes
  4. Gap junctions
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16
Q

Tight junctions

A

type of connection between epithelial cells - bands of cell membranes (like a wall), encircle whole cell

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17
Q

Adhering junctions

A

type of connection between epithelial cells - deeper than tight, encircle whole cell

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18
Q

Desmosomes

A

type of epithelial cell junction - button or snap-like junctions

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19
Q

Gap junctions

A

Type of epithelial juncture (pore)

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20
Q

5 functions of connective tissues

A

Spiderwebs

  1. Support soft body parts
  2. Bind structures together
  3. Fat storage
  4. Exchange nutrients and metabolic waste
  5. Defense and protection
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21
Q

6 examples of connective tissues

A
  1. Bone
  2. cartilage
  3. ligaments
  4. tendons
  5. blood
  6. adipose tissue
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22
Q

What does connective tissue look like?

A
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23
Q

These specialized cells, which found in many connective tissues, contain large amount of lipids

A

adipocyte (fat tissue)

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24
Q

What are five physical traits of connective tissues?

A
  1. protein fibers
  2. ground substance
  3. there is lots of space between cells
  4. lots of blood vessels
  5. Protein fibers and ground substance form extracellular matrix (ECM)
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25
Q

What is ECM?

A

content between connective tissue cells formed by ground substance and protein fibers

26
Q

Three types of connective tissues

A
  1. Proper
  2. Supporting
  3. Fluid
27
Q

two subtypes of proper connective tissue

A

Loose and dense

28
Q

Three types of loose proper connective tissue

A

Areolar
Adipose
reticular

29
Q

areolar

A

type of loose, proper connective tissue important in binding

30
Q

Adipose

A

type of loose, proper connective tissue protects, insulates, stores fat

31
Q

What causes striations?

A

contractile fibers

32
Q

three types of dense, proper connective tissue

A
  1. regular
  2. irregular
  3. elastic
33
Q

Difference between regular and irregular dense, proper, connective tissue

A

Regular - fibers parallel
Irregular - not

34
Q

Three types of cartilage

A
  1. Hyaline
  2. elastic
  3. fibrocartilage
35
Q

where are hyaline cartilages found?

A

most common, joints, larynx, trachea, nose

36
Q

where is elastic cartilage found?

A

external ear, epiglottis

37
Q

where are fibrocartilages found?

A

intervertebral discs, knee joint

38
Q

these cells responsible for ability of epidermis to resist abrasion and reduce water loss

A

keratinocytes

39
Q

this layer of skin replaces older cells that desquamate with newer cells by mitosis

A

stratum basale

40
Q

two types of bone tissue

A

compact and spongy

41
Q

This type of bone tissue forms the hard, outer shell

42
Q

This type of bone tissue is inside of bones

A

spongy bone tissue

43
Q

5 properties of muscle tissue

A

Ekekee!

Excitability
Conductivity
Contractility
Elasticity
Extensibility

44
Q

3 types of muscle tissue

A

Smooth, cardiac or skeletal

45
Q

Of the three muscle tissue types, which have multiple nuclei?

46
Q

Of the three muscle tissue types, which have striations?

A

skeletal and cardiac

47
Q

where are smooth muscle tissues?

A

hollow internal organs, wall of blood vessels, wall of ducts

48
Q

what do smooth muscle tissues look like?

49
Q

where are cardiac muscles located?

A

ONLY heart

50
Q

which of the three muscle tissue types are branched

51
Q

cardiac cells have lots of this organelle

A

mitochondria

52
Q

what does cardiac muscle tissue look like?

53
Q

where is nervous tissue?

A

brain, spinal cord, nerves

54
Q

what is a synapse?

A

where the info is transferred between nerve cells

55
Q

what does nervous tissue do?

A

conduct impulses that help control and coordinate body activities

56
Q

two types of nervous cells

A

neurons and neuroglia (glia)

57
Q

what are two things neurons do?

A

1.control nervous system
2. receive and send info

58
Q

Three parts of neuron

A
  1. soma
  2. dendrites
  3. axon
59
Q

what does the soma do?

A

receives, integrates and sends nerve impulses

60
Q

what do dendrites do?

A

antennae of nerves - receive stimuli and direct towards soma

61
Q

what does the axon do?

A

sends signals to other cells (long tail)

62
Q

What are five functions of the glia?

A

Social worker

1.Support and bind components of nervous tissue
2. Help with cell-to-cell communication
3. Help in phagocytosis
4. Connect neurons to blood vessels
5. Maintain clean, healthy environment for neurons

Anatomy and Physiology (31 decks)

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