Tissues Flashcards
Four major tissues in body
- Muscle
- Connective
- Epithelial
- Nervous
What are three functions of epithelial tissues
Three s’s (remember: snake skin!)
- Shield
- Secrete (and absorb)
- Sense
What connects epithelial tissue to deeper tissue?
Basement membrane
What are six physical traits of epithelial tissues?
Onions
- LAYERS - have one or more layers of tightly-packed cells
- SURFACES - Have free apical surface and fixed basal surface
- NO BLOOD - No blood vessels
- NERVES - Lots of nerves
- REGENERATION - High regenerative capacity
- BASEMENT- Sitting on top of basement membrane
Microscopic study of tissues
Histology
Two different types of epithelial cell layers
Simple = one layer
Stratified = more than one
Three different types of epithelial cell shapes
Flat and thin = squamous
Square-shaped = cuboidal
Rectangular = columnar
flat and thin epithelial tissue called
Squamous tissues
Cuboidal tissues
square-shaped epithelial tissue
rectangular tissue
columnal-shaped epithelial tissue
Epithelial get nutrients through
diffusion and filtration from basement membrane
Two unique types of epithelial tissues
- Transitional
- Pseudostratified
Where is transitional epithelial tissue?
Urinary tract
Where is pseudostratified epithelial tissue?
Trachea
This type of epithelial tissue shape makes it easy for diffusion to occur
simple squamous
Four types of epithelial cell connection (junctions)
- Tight junctions
- Adhering junctions
- Desmosomes
- Gap junctions
Tight junctions
type of connection between epithelial cells - bands of cell membranes (like a wall), encircle whole cell
Adhering junctions
type of connection between epithelial cells - deeper than tight, encircle whole cell
Desmosomes
type of epithelial cell junction - button or snap-like junctions
Gap junctions
Type of epithelial juncture (pore)
5 functions of connective tissues
Spiderwebs
- Support soft body parts
- Bind structures together
- Fat storage
- Exchange nutrients and metabolic waste
- Defense and protection
6 examples of connective tissues
- Bone
- cartilage
- ligaments
- tendons
- blood
- adipose tissue
What does connective tissue look like?
These specialized cells, which found in many connective tissues, contain large amount of lipids
adipocyte (fat tissue)
What are five physical traits of connective tissues?
- protein fibers
- ground substance
- there is lots of space between cells
- lots of blood vessels
- Protein fibers and ground substance form extracellular matrix (ECM)
What is ECM?
content between connective tissue cells formed by ground substance and protein fibers
Three types of connective tissues
- Proper
- Supporting
- Fluid
two subtypes of proper connective tissue
Loose and dense
Three types of loose proper connective tissue
Areolar
Adipose
reticular
areolar
type of loose, proper connective tissue important in binding
Adipose
type of loose, proper connective tissue protects, insulates, stores fat
What causes striations?
contractile fibers
three types of dense, proper connective tissue
- regular
- irregular
- elastic
Difference between regular and irregular dense, proper, connective tissue
Regular - fibers parallel
Irregular - not
Three types of cartilage
- Hyaline
- elastic
- fibrocartilage
where are hyaline cartilages found?
most common, joints, larynx, trachea, nose
where is elastic cartilage found?
external ear, epiglottis
where are fibrocartilages found?
intervertebral discs, knee joint
these cells responsible for ability of epidermis to resist abrasion and reduce water loss
keratinocytes
this layer of skin replaces older cells that desquamate with newer cells by mitosis
stratum basale
two types of bone tissue
compact and spongy
This type of bone tissue forms the hard, outer shell
Compact
This type of bone tissue is inside of bones
spongy bone tissue
5 properties of muscle tissue
Ekekee!
Excitability
Conductivity
Contractility
Elasticity
Extensibility
3 types of muscle tissue
Smooth, cardiac or skeletal
Of the three muscle tissue types, which have multiple nuclei?
skeletal
Of the three muscle tissue types, which have striations?
skeletal and cardiac
where are smooth muscle tissues?
hollow internal organs, wall of blood vessels, wall of ducts
what do smooth muscle tissues look like?
where are cardiac muscles located?
ONLY heart
which of the three muscle tissue types are branched
cardiac
cardiac cells have lots of this organelle
mitochondria
what does cardiac muscle tissue look like?
where is nervous tissue?
brain, spinal cord, nerves
what is a synapse?
where the info is transferred between nerve cells
what does nervous tissue do?
conduct impulses that help control and coordinate body activities
two types of nervous cells
neurons and neuroglia (glia)
what are two things neurons do?
1.control nervous system
2. receive and send info
Three parts of neuron
- soma
- dendrites
- axon
what does the soma do?
receives, integrates and sends nerve impulses
what do dendrites do?
antennae of nerves - receive stimuli and direct towards soma
what does the axon do?
sends signals to other cells (long tail)
What are five functions of the glia?
Social worker
1.Support and bind components of nervous tissue
2. Help with cell-to-cell communication
3. Help in phagocytosis
4. Connect neurons to blood vessels
5. Maintain clean, healthy environment for neurons