Skeletal System Flashcards
rounded process usually articulates with other bone
condyle
narrow, ridgelike projection
crest
opening in a bone
foramen
Relatively deep pit or depression
Fossa
Enlargement at end of bone
Head
tubelike passageway within bone
meatus
process of blood cell formation
hematopoiesis
prominent projections on bone
process
space in the middle of long bone that includes marrow
medullary cavity
cavity within bone
sinus
thornlike projection
spine
interlocking or union between bones
suture
relatively large process
trochanter
small, knoblike process
tubercle
knoblike process usually larger than tubercle
tuberosity
these are four types of bone processes
- condyles (at end, usually articulates)
- trochanter
- tubercle
- tuberosity
two sections of skeleton
axial and appendicular
4 types of structures in skeletal system
- bones
- cartilage
- ligaments
- tendons
adults have ____ bones
206
there are ______ ribs in the thoracic cage
12
when multiple bones form a joint, they _____
articulate
there are ______ true ribs, which attach to the sternum
7
there are _____ false ribs, which don’t attach to the sternum
5
there are ____ floating ribs
2
end of a long bone that articulate with another bone
Epiphysis
Long bone shaft called
diaphysis
which head bone is most posterior and inferior
occipital
which bone makes up the forehead
frontal
which bones incase the skull on the top sides?
parietal
base of nasal septum, divides into right and left
vomer
near nasal bone, a little posterior
lacrimal
dense connective tissue covering bone (also helps repair)
Periosteum
cell that deposits bony matrix, resulting in bone growth
osteoblast
this part of the bone is made of inorganic salts and collagen that form an ECM
Periosteum
where blood vessels and nerves go in bones
central canal
these connect the central canals perpendicular
Perforating canals (volkmann’s canals)
osteo____ build up bone and osteo____ break it down
blasts, clasts
the process of osteoblasts taking calcium from blood and depositing on bone
calcium deposition
process of osteoclasts taking calcium from the bone and depositing back to blood
calcium resorption
condition where rate of bone resorption exceeds formation
Osteoporosis
hormone that prompts osteoclasts to begin resorption
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
hormone that prompts osteoblasts to start calcium deposition
calcitonin
bone resorption and deposition is usually balanced until ____, when ____ levels begin to fall
midlife; estrogen
part of skull that encloses brain
cranium
suture that borders the frontal bone
coronal
suture that borders the parietal bones
sagittal
the parietal bones meet the occipital bone along this suture
lambdoid suture
name along where bone growth occurs; is in between epiphysis and diaphysis
metaphysis or growth plate
bone on the side of the skull that external auditory meatus
temporal bone
the bone that inside the cranium makes a bat shape
sphenoid bone
this bone starts in nose, projects up into skull
Ethmoid bone
this small bone is between the eyes
nasal bone
outer part of cheekbones
Zygomatic bones
upper lip and end of cheekbones
maxilla
posterior to maxilla in mouth
Palatine bone
lower jaw
Mandible
five vertebral regions
cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx
a joint that doesn’t move
fibrous joint
a joint that can move
synovial joint
3 physical features of synovial joints
- capsule - connective tissue; contains outside
- synovial fluid cushions joint
- hyaline cartilage lines bones to protect
made of connective tissue and attaches bone to bone
ligament
how many vertebrae are in the cervical region
7
how many vertebrae in thoracic region
12
how many vertebrae in lumbar region
5
what is C1 called and why is it notable?
Atlas; doesn’t have body and is shaped like big ring
what is C2’s name and why is it notable?
Axis; atlas pivots around the dens
Looks like kylo wren mask
what are the 8 holes in the sacrum called?
sacral foramina
protrusion at top middle of sacrum
Median sacral crest
what is the name of the tailbone
coccyx
this is the anatomical name for true ribs
vertebrosternal
what is the anatomical name for the false/floating ribs?
vertebronchondral
top bone in the sternum
Father (man) son and holy spirit
MANubrium
middle portion of sternum
body
bottom part of the sternum
xiphoid process
what is the flat end of the clavicle that attaches to the sternum?
sternal facet
end of the clavicle that attached to shoulder
acromial end
posterior top of the scapula round pokey bit
acromion process
scapula - anterior process on the top of the bone
coracoid process
scapula - flat part where arm attaches
glenoid fossa
where is the scapula’s medial border?
curved edge on the edge facing the spine
where is the scapula’s lateral border?
on the outside (side with glenoid fossa)
what is the upper arm bone?
humerus
where is a humerus’s anatomical neck?
between the head and shaft
where is the humerus’s surgical neck?
very end of shaft
rounded end of humerus
head
two bumps near the head of the humerus
greater and lesser tubercle (outside and inside)
what is the groove between the humerus’s tubercle’s called
intertubercular sulcus
the distal end of a humerus looks like a
balled fist
distal end of humerus - these four look like the “fingers” of the fist
- medial epicondyle (thumb)
- trochlea (pointer and middle)
- capitulum (ring)
- lateral epicondyle (pinkie)
distal end of humerus has these two fossas
coronoid and olecranon
two bones distal to humerus
radius and ulna
the ______ has a flat head and is on the same side of the body as the thumb
radius
the ______ has what looks like a claw for a head and is on the same side as the pinkie
ulna
the ____ is the bone whose head is on the distal end
ulna
both the radius and the ulna have a _____ process at their ____ end
styloid; distal
slight protrusion near the proximal end of the radius
radial tuberosity
top of the ____ looks like a claw. the higher one is called the _____, the lower the _____
ulna; olecranon; coronoid
between the claw hooks of the _____ is the _____ notch
ulna; trochlear
part of hand that connects to wrist
carpals
five bones distal from carpals
metacarpals
fingers and toes are called
phalanges
the thigh bone is called the
femur
the ______ of the femur is round and at an angle from the rest of the bone
head
the two notches near the head of the femur are the
greater and lesser trochanter
on the distal end of the femur, there are two, round pointy bits. They are called the ___ and ___ condyles
medial and lateral
the kneecap is known as the
patella
the ____ and ___ are distal to the femur
tibia; fibula
of the two shin bones, the ____ is bigger
tibia
the top of the tibia has a ____ and ___ condyle, with a ___ ___ in between
medial; lateral; tibial tuberosity
on the distal end of the tibia there is what looks like a tiny hook. what is it called
medial malleolus
the ____ is the smaller shin bone
fibula
the blunt, flat, proximal end of the fibula is called the
head
the distal end of the fibula comes to a point. what is it called?
lateral malleolus
the heel is also called the
calcaneus
the back of the foot collectively is called the
tarsals
the middle of the foot is called the
talus
the five bones past the talus are called the
metatarsals
an articulation between bones is called a
joint
a joint that moves is called a
synovial joint
synovial joints have these three elemtns:
1) articular capsule
2) synovial fluid
3) hyaline cartilage
a hip is called a
coxa
from a lateral view of a vertebrae, there are two processes that jut out. They are called the ___ and ____ ____ process
superior and inferior articular process
the pelvic girdle is also known as the
os coxae
if you looked at the os coxe head on, the first bones on either side of the joint would be the ___ bones
pubis
if you looked at the os coxae head on, the outside of the butterfly wings would be the
ischium
the big hole in the os coxae where the hip joint goes
acetabulum
the superior section of the coxa is called the
ilium
when looking at the os coxae head on, the big holes you would see are called the
obturator foramen
