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Anatomy and Physiology > Blood Vessels > Flashcards

Blood Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

This type of smooth muscle cells regulate blood flow from thoroughfare channel into capillaries

A

precapillary sphincters

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2
Q

Inner layer of blood vessel that has endothelium, basement membrane, lamina propria, internal elastic membrane

A

tunica intima

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3
Q

3 main types of blood vessels

A

arteries, veins, capillaries

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4
Q

this is the function of most arteries

A

transport O2 rich blood away from heart

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5
Q

this is the function of most veins

A

moving O2 poor blood towards heart

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6
Q

smaller blood vessels that run in between veins and arteries

A

capillaries

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7
Q

First branch from the aortic arch is

A

brachiocephalic

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8
Q

these blood vessels are strong and elastic to account for the high-pressure blood they transport

A

arteries

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9
Q

three layers of artery wall

A
  1. tunica interna (inside)
  2. tunica media (middle)
  3. tunica externa (outside)
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10
Q

this arterial layer is thick and made of smooth muscle

A

tunica media

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11
Q

this arterial layer is thin, made of connective tissue and connects the artery to the surrounding tissues

A

tunica externa

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12
Q

What are arteries innervated by, and what kind of impulses do they carry?

A

vasomotor fibers; sympathetic

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13
Q

How do vasomotor fibers help to regulate blood pressure?

A

stimulation causes vasoconstriction, inhibition causes vasodilation

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14
Q

divisions of arteries are called

A

arterioles

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15
Q

as arterioles approach capillaries their walls get

A

thinner

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16
Q

small arterioles have the same layers as an artery except

A

only one layer of cells for each

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17
Q

these are the smallest blood vessels

A

capillaries

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18
Q

the only layer in capillaries

A

endothelium

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19
Q

what happens in capillaries?

A

substance exchange

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20
Q

exchange from inside capillaries to outside is called

A

filtration

21
Q

exchange from outside capillaries to inside is called

A

absorption

22
Q

in blood flow, where does filtration happen and what drives it?

A

arteriolar end of capillary, hydrostatic pressure (blood pressure > colloid osmotic pressure)

23
Q

what is hydrostatic pressure driven by?

A

blood pumping

24
Q

what is colloid osmotic pressure driven by?

A

plasma proteins drawing water into capillaries

25
Q

where does absorption happen and what is it driven by?

A

venular end of capillaries, colloid osmotic pressure (COP > CP)

26
Q

______ fluid leaves capillaries than returns via osmosis

A

more

27
Q

what picks up excess fluid from capillary exchange and returns it to circulation?

A

lymphatic vessels

28
Q

what goes from the capillaries into the surrounding tissues?

A

nutrients, oxygen

29
Q

what cannot diffuse into surrounding tissues from the blood because they’re too big?

A

proteins

30
Q

what gets absorbed from tissues into capillaries

A

CO2 and wastes

31
Q

how do substances get in and out of capillaries?

A

slits between cells

32
Q

these are connecting structures from capillaries to veins

A

venules

33
Q

what are the four ways the walls of veins are different from the walls of arteries?

A
  1. Muscle layer thinner
  2. Have valves to prevent backflow of blood
  3. Lumens are larger
  4. Diameters thicker
34
Q

veins also serve as __ ___, useful when a person is losing blood

A

blood reservoirs

35
Q

what type of tissue is a capillary?

A

squamous epithelium

36
Q

blood leaves the heart through the ___

A

aortic arch

37
Q

if an artery is about to divide and keep its same name, it is called ___

A

common

38
Q
A
39
Q

The __ __ ___ vein is right next to the common carotid

A

right internal jugular

40
Q

The __ ___ are large veins throughout the skull

A

venous sinuses

41
Q
A
42
Q

what are the seven arteries in the cerebral arterial circle?

A

Communicating - 2
Cerebral - 3
Carotid - 1
Basilar - 1

  1. anterior communicating
  2. internal carotid
  3. basilar
  4. posterior cerebral
  5. posterior communicating
  6. middle cerebral
  7. anterior cerebral
43
Q
A
44
Q
A
45
Q

what is the longest vein in the arm and where is it?

A

basilic, proximal

46
Q

what is the main artery of the abdominal cavity?

A

aorta

47
Q

what vein runs in a similar position to the aorta in the abdominal cavity?

A

inferior vena cava

48
Q

how many main iliac arteries/veins are there?

A

3 - common, external and internal

49
Q
A

Anatomy and Physiology (31 decks)

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