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Anatomy and Physiology > Heart > Flashcards

Heart Flashcards

1
Q
A

chordae tendineae

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2
Q

cardiac output equals ______ times ____

A

heart rate; stroke volume

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3
Q

volume of blood pumped out of blood with each contraction

A

stroke volume

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4
Q

amount of blood pumped out of heart per minute

A

cardiac output

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5
Q

During ejection, AV valves are ___ and semilunar valves are ___

A

closed; open

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6
Q

Chordae tendineae ONLY attached to these valves

A

AV

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7
Q

the heart is in the _____, which is in the ____ cavity

A

mediastinum; thoracic

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8
Q

A person would experience these two things if their left ventricle was damaged from a heart attack

A

left ventricle pumps less blood than right, blood accumulates in pulmonary vessels

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9
Q

where is the base in the heart?

A

beneath 2nd rib

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10
Q

where is the apex of the heart located in relation to the ribs?

A

5th intercostal space

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11
Q

two types of tissues in heart

A

contractile and conductive

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12
Q

two primary functions of heart

A

1) pumping blood
2) fluid level regulation via hormones

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13
Q

the covering of the heart is called the

A

pericardium

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14
Q

two layers of the pericardium

A

fibrous and serous

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15
Q

what does the fibrous pericardium do?

A

anchors heart and makes sure heart doesn’t stretch too much

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16
Q

what are the three parts of the serous pericardium from superficial to deep?

A

parietal pericardium
pericardial cavity
visceral pericardium

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17
Q

what is the function of the pericardial cavity?

A

reduces friction due to serous fluid inside

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18
Q

what is the visceral pericardium made of?

A

connective tissue and epithelium

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19
Q

what is the function of the visceral pericardium?

A

reduces friction and attaches to heart

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20
Q

the visceral pericardium is also called the

A

epicardium

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21
Q

this layer of pericardium is also the outermost layer of the heart wall

A

visceral/epicardium

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22
Q
A
  1. fibrous
  2. parietal
  3. pericardial cavity
  4. visceral
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23
Q

3 layers of heart wall from superficial to deep

A
  1. epicardium
  2. myocardium
  3. endocardium
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24
Q

what is the myocardium made of and what is its function?

A

cardiac muscle; pumping function

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25
Q

what is the endocardium made of?

A

connective tissue and epithelium

26
Q

this layer of the heart wall has Purkinje fibers

A

endocardium

28
Q

heart’s four chambers

A

right and left atriums, right and left ventricles

29
Q

this separates the right and left sides of the heart

A

interventricular septum

30
Q

what is the purpose of the heart’s valves?

A

to insure there is not blood backflow

31
Q

chordae tendineae are attached to ____ muscles. When those muscles contract, it holds closed ____ in place

A

papillary; AVs

34
Q

this valve is between the right atrium and right ventricle

35
Q

this valve is between the right ventricle and the path to the lungs

A

pulmonary valve

36
Q

this valve is between the left atrium and the left ventricle

37
Q

this valve is between the left ventricle and the exit point to the heart

39
Q

What is the skeleton of heart

A

ring of dense connective tissue that surround pulmonary truck and aorta

40
Q

what are the two functions of the skeleton of the heart?

A
  1. provide attachments for valves and fibers
  2. prevent outlets of atrial and ventricles from dilating too much
41
Q

skeleton of heart

42
Q

how and where does blood enter the heart?

A

superior and inferior vena cava and coronary sinus go into right atrium

43
Q

when the right atrium contracts, the blood goes through the ___ to the __ __

A

tricuspid/right AV to right ventricle

44
Q

when the right ventricle contracts, the blood goes through the ___ to the ___ ___

A

pulmonary semilunar valve to pulmonary trunk

45
Q

pulmonary trunk branches into

A

left and right pulmonary arteries

46
Q

when the right ventricle contracts, it closes the ___ valve

47
Q

pulmonary arteries have what type of blood?

48
Q

where does gas exchange in the lungs happen?

A

alveolar capillaries

49
Q

O2-rich blood returns to left atrium via

A

pulmonary veins

50
Q

O2-rich blood returns to the ____atrium

51
Q

when the left atrium contracts, the blood goes through the ___ to the ____ __

A

mitral/bicuspid valve; left ventricle

52
Q

when the left ventricle contracts, it closes the ___ valve

53
Q

the last valve blood passes through in the heart

A

aortic semilunar valve

54
Q

name (in order) the 12 structures in the heart and its connected parts blood passes through

A
  1. right atrium
  2. tricuspid valve
  3. right ventricle
  4. pulmonary semilunar valve
  5. pulmonary trunk
  6. pulmonary arteries
  7. alveolar capillaries
  8. pulmonary veins
  9. left atrium
  10. mitral/bicuspid valve
  11. left ventricle
  12. aortic semilunar valve
55
Q

these first branches of the aorta go back to the heart to supply it with blood

A

right and left coronary arteries

56
Q

blood flow to the heart increases when the ventricles are ____

57
Q

the branches of the coronary arteries eventually lead to ____ in the ____

A

capillaries; myocardium

58
Q

parts of coronary arteries with detours built in in case of blockage

A

Aka - Moses; taking a detour

Anastomoses

59
Q

these drain blood back into coronary sinuses

A

cardiac veins

60
Q

protrusions on heart near base

Anatomy and Physiology (31 decks)

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