Heart Flashcards
chordae tendineae
cardiac output equals ______ times ____
heart rate; stroke volume
volume of blood pumped out of blood with each contraction
stroke volume
amount of blood pumped out of heart per minute
cardiac output
During ejection, AV valves are ___ and semilunar valves are ___
closed; open
Chordae tendineae ONLY attached to these valves
AV
the heart is in the _____, which is in the ____ cavity
mediastinum; thoracic
A person would experience these two things if their left ventricle was damaged from a heart attack
left ventricle pumps less blood than right, blood accumulates in pulmonary vessels
where is the base in the heart?
beneath 2nd rib
where is the apex of the heart located in relation to the ribs?
5th intercostal space
two types of tissues in heart
contractile and conductive
two primary functions of heart
1) pumping blood
2) fluid level regulation via hormones
the covering of the heart is called the
pericardium
two layers of the pericardium
fibrous and serous
what does the fibrous pericardium do?
anchors heart and makes sure heart doesn’t stretch too much
what are the three parts of the serous pericardium from superficial to deep?
parietal pericardium
pericardial cavity
visceral pericardium
what is the function of the pericardial cavity?
reduces friction due to serous fluid inside
what is the visceral pericardium made of?
connective tissue and epithelium
what is the function of the visceral pericardium?
reduces friction and attaches to heart
the visceral pericardium is also called the
epicardium
this layer of pericardium is also the outermost layer of the heart wall
visceral/epicardium
- fibrous
- parietal
- pericardial cavity
- visceral
3 layers of heart wall from superficial to deep
- epicardium
- myocardium
- endocardium
what is the myocardium made of and what is its function?
cardiac muscle; pumping function
what is the endocardium made of?
connective tissue and epithelium
this layer of the heart wall has Purkinje fibers
endocardium
heart’s four chambers
right and left atriums, right and left ventricles
this separates the right and left sides of the heart
interventricular septum
what is the purpose of the heart’s valves?
to insure there is not blood backflow
chordae tendineae are attached to ____ muscles. When those muscles contract, it holds closed ____ in place
papillary; AVs
this valve is between the right atrium and right ventricle
tricuspid
this valve is between the right ventricle and the path to the lungs
pulmonary valve
this valve is between the left atrium and the left ventricle
mitral
this valve is between the left ventricle and the exit point to the heart
aortic
What is the skeleton of heart
ring of dense connective tissue that surround pulmonary truck and aorta
what are the two functions of the skeleton of the heart?
- provide attachments for valves and fibers
- prevent outlets of atrial and ventricles from dilating too much
skeleton of heart
how and where does blood enter the heart?
superior and inferior vena cava and coronary sinus go into right atrium
when the right atrium contracts, the blood goes through the ___ to the __ __
tricuspid/right AV to right ventricle
when the right ventricle contracts, the blood goes through the ___ to the ___ ___
pulmonary semilunar valve to pulmonary trunk
pulmonary trunk branches into
left and right pulmonary arteries
when the right ventricle contracts, it closes the ___ valve
tricuspid
pulmonary arteries have what type of blood?
O2-poor
where does gas exchange in the lungs happen?
alveolar capillaries
O2-rich blood returns to left atrium via
pulmonary veins
O2-rich blood returns to the ____atrium
left
when the left atrium contracts, the blood goes through the ___ to the ____ __
mitral/bicuspid valve; left ventricle
when the left ventricle contracts, it closes the ___ valve
mitral
the last valve blood passes through in the heart
aortic semilunar valve
name (in order) the 12 structures in the heart and its connected parts blood passes through
- right atrium
- tricuspid valve
- right ventricle
- pulmonary semilunar valve
- pulmonary trunk
- pulmonary arteries
- alveolar capillaries
- pulmonary veins
- left atrium
- mitral/bicuspid valve
- left ventricle
- aortic semilunar valve
these first branches of the aorta go back to the heart to supply it with blood
right and left coronary arteries
blood flow to the heart increases when the ventricles are ____
relaxed
the branches of the coronary arteries eventually lead to ____ in the ____
capillaries; myocardium
parts of coronary arteries with detours built in in case of blockage
Aka - Moses; taking a detour
Anastomoses
these drain blood back into coronary sinuses
cardiac veins
protrusions on heart near base
auricles